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A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation is
- a)50%
- b)60%
- c)30%
- d)40%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chl...
- The extraction efficiency in this scenario is determined by the distribution of the solute S between the two phases (aqueous and organic) during the liquid-liquid extraction process.
- The partition coefficient (KD) is a crucial factor that governs this distribution.
- KD represents the ratio of the concentration of the solute in one phase to its concentration in the other phase at equilibrium.
- In this case, the solute S has a partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. This means that at equilibrium, for every 1 unit of the solute in the aqueous phase, there will be 5 units of the solute in the chloroform phase. Mathematically:
KD = [S]chloroform / [S]water
- Given a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute in a 50 mL sample, the initial amount of solute in the aqueous phase:
The initial amount of S in the aqueous phase
= (0.050 mol/L) x (0.050 L)
= 0.0025 moles
= (0.050 mol/L) x (0.050 L)
= 0.0025 moles
- Now, using 15 mL of chloroform to extract the solute from the aqueous phase. Before extraction, there is no solute in the chloroform phase.
- However, during the extraction process, some of the solute will move from the aqueous phase into the chloroform phase based on the KD value.
- Let's assume x moles of solute S move into the chloroform phase during the extraction. Therefore, the amount of solute S left in the aqueous phase after extraction is (0.0025 - x) moles.
- According to the partition coefficient equation:
KD = [S]chloroform / [S]water
5.0 = x / (0.0025 - x)
5.0 = x / (0.0025 - x)
- Mathematically:
0.60 = (x / 0.0025) × 100
Now, solve for x:
x = 0.60 × 0.0025
= 0.0015 moles
So, 0.0015 moles of solute S move into the chloroform phase during the extraction.
Now, let's calculate how much solute is left in the aqueous phase:
Amount of S left in aqueous phase after extraction = 0.0025 - 0.0015 = 0.0010 moles
Now, solve for x:
x = 0.60 × 0.0025
= 0.0015 moles
So, 0.0015 moles of solute S move into the chloroform phase during the extraction.
Now, let's calculate how much solute is left in the aqueous phase:
Amount of S left in aqueous phase after extraction = 0.0025 - 0.0015 = 0.0010 moles
- To express this as a concentration in the aqueous phase, divide by the final volume of the aqueous phase (50 mL + 15 mL):
The concentration of S in the aqueous phase after extraction
= (0.0010 moles) / (0.050 L + 0.015 L)
= 0.020 M
= (0.0010 moles) / (0.050 L + 0.015 L)
= 0.020 M
- So, after the extraction, the concentration of solute S in the aqueous phase is 0.020 M, and the extraction efficiency is 60 percent. This means that 60 percent of the solute has been successfully transferred to the chloroform phase, while 40 percent remains in the aqueous phase.
Hence, the extraction efficiency for the separation is 60%.
Most Upvoted Answer
A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chl...
To determine the extraction efficiency for the separation, we need to calculate the amount of solute that is extracted into the chloroform layer.
Given:
Partition coefficient (KD) = 5.0
Volume of aqueous solution (Vaq) = 50 mL
Molarity of aqueous solution (Maq) = 0.050 M
Volume of chloroform (Vch) = 15 mL
1. Calculating the amount of solute in the aqueous phase:
Amount of solute in the aqueous phase = Maq * Vaq
= 0.050 M * 50 mL
= 2.5 mmol
2. Calculating the amount of solute in the chloroform phase:
According to the partition coefficient (KD), the ratio of solute concentration in chloroform to water is 5:1.
So, the concentration of solute in chloroform (Mch) can be calculated as follows:
Mch = KD * Maq
= 5.0 * 0.050 M
= 0.25 M
The volume of chloroform used (Vch) is 15 mL.
Hence, the amount of solute in the chloroform phase can be calculated as follows:
Amount of solute in the chloroform phase = Mch * Vch
= 0.25 M * 15 mL
= 3.75 mmol
3. Calculating the extraction efficiency:
Extraction efficiency = (Amount of solute extracted into chloroform phase / Amount of solute in aqueous phase) * 100
Substituting the values:
Extraction efficiency = (3.75 mmol / 2.5 mmol) * 100
= 150%
Since the extraction efficiency is greater than 100%, the correct answer cannot be option 'B' (60%).
Therefore, the correct answer is not provided among the given options.
Given:
Partition coefficient (KD) = 5.0
Volume of aqueous solution (Vaq) = 50 mL
Molarity of aqueous solution (Maq) = 0.050 M
Volume of chloroform (Vch) = 15 mL
1. Calculating the amount of solute in the aqueous phase:
Amount of solute in the aqueous phase = Maq * Vaq
= 0.050 M * 50 mL
= 2.5 mmol
2. Calculating the amount of solute in the chloroform phase:
According to the partition coefficient (KD), the ratio of solute concentration in chloroform to water is 5:1.
So, the concentration of solute in chloroform (Mch) can be calculated as follows:
Mch = KD * Maq
= 5.0 * 0.050 M
= 0.25 M
The volume of chloroform used (Vch) is 15 mL.
Hence, the amount of solute in the chloroform phase can be calculated as follows:
Amount of solute in the chloroform phase = Mch * Vch
= 0.25 M * 15 mL
= 3.75 mmol
3. Calculating the extraction efficiency:
Extraction efficiency = (Amount of solute extracted into chloroform phase / Amount of solute in aqueous phase) * 100
Substituting the values:
Extraction efficiency = (3.75 mmol / 2.5 mmol) * 100
= 150%
Since the extraction efficiency is greater than 100%, the correct answer cannot be option 'B' (60%).
Therefore, the correct answer is not provided among the given options.
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A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UGC NET 2025 is part of UGC NET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UGC NET exam syllabus. Information about A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UGC NET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UGC NET 2025 is part of UGC NET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UGC NET exam syllabus. Information about A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UGC NET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A solute S has partition coefficient (KD) of 5.0 between water and chloroform. A 50 mL sample of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of the solute is extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The extraction efficiency for the separation isa)50%b)60%c)30%d)40%Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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