Indian Polity for UPSC CSE

Indian Polity is an important subject for the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE). It covers various aspects of the political system in India, including the Constitution, governance, and the functioning of various institutions. Here is a detailed explanation of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE:

Constitution of India
- The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
- It provides a framework for the governance of the country and defines the powers and responsibilities of the government and its institutions.
- The Constitution is a comprehensive document that consists of a preamble and several articles that cover various aspects of governance, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and the organization and functioning of the government.

Structure of Government
- The government of India is divided into three branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
- The legislature consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President is the head of state, while the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha are the two houses of Parliament.
- The executive consists of the President, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
- The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country, and various other subordinate courts.

Important Institutions
- The President of India is the head of state and is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states.
- The Prime Minister is the head of government and is appointed by the President. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha.
- The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country and is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and resolving disputes between the central and state governments.

Key Pointers
- The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land.
- The government of India is divided into three branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
- The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
- The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country.

This is a brief overview of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE. It is important to study this subject in detail to have a strong foundation in the governance and political system of India.