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With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider the following statements:
1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar.
2. Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language.
3. The Indian classical work ‘Ragadarpan’ was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider t...
  • Although the greatest amount of literature and scientific works produced by the Muslims was in Arabic, which was the language of the Prophet and was used as the language of literature and science from Spain to Baghdad. The Turks who came to India were deeply influenced by the Persian language, which had become the literary and administrative language of Central Asia from the 10th century onwards. In India, the use of Arabic remained largely confined to a narrow circle of Islamic scholars and philosophers, most of the original literature on the subject being written in Arabic. A few works on science and astronomy were also translated from Arabic. In course of time, digests of the Islamic law were prepared in Persian with the help of the Indian scholars.
  • The most well-known of these were prepared in the reign of Firuz Tughlaq. But, Arabic digests continued to be prepared, the most famous of these being the Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, prepared by a group of jurists in the reign of Aurangzeb. Zia Nakhshabi (d. 1350) was the first to translate into Persian Sanskrit stories which were related by a parrot to a woman whose husband had gone on a journey.
  • This book Tuti Nama (Book of the Parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughlaq, proved very popular and was translated from Persian into Turkish and into many European languages as well. He also translated the old Indian treatise on sexology, the Kok Shastra, into Persian. Later, in the time of Firuz Shah, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. At his instance, Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian.
  • Recent research shows that some works on mathematics, astronomy and medicine were translated into Sanskrit during the period. Khusrau, who was given the title of Nayak or the master of both the theory and practice of music, introduced many Perso-Arabic airs (Ragas), such as Aiman, Ghora, Sanam, etc. He is accredited with having invented the Sitar, though we have no evidence of it. The Tabla, which is also attributed to him seems, however, to have developed during the late 17th or early 18th century. The process of integration in the field of music continued under Firuz Shah Tughlaq, who used to listen to music every Friday after Namaz. The Indian classical work, Ragadarpan, was translated into Persian during this reign. Musical gatherings spread from the abodes of the Sufis to the palaces of the nobles.
  • Sultan Husain Sharqi, the ruler of Jaunpur, was a great patron of music. The Sufi saint, Pir Bodhan, is supposed to have been the second great musician of the age. Another regional kingdom, where music was highly cultivated, was the kingdom of Gwaliyar. Raja Man Singh of Gwaliyar was a great music lover. The work, Man Kautuhal, in which all the new musical modes introduced by the Muslims were included, was prepared under his aegis.
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With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider t...
Incorrect Statements Regarding Cultural Development (CE 1200-1500)

1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri
- The statement that Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar is incorrect.
- Fatawa-i-Alamgiri was actually prepared during the reign of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal Emperor, in the early 18th century.
- This compilation of Islamic law was commissioned by Aurangzeb and is an important legal document in South Asian history.

2. Zia Nakhshabi
- The statement that Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language is incorrect.
- Zia Nakhshabi was a renowned Persian poet and writer who lived during the 14th century.
- However, his translations were mainly focused on Persian literature and not Indian epic texts like Rajatarangini and Mahabharata.

3. 'Ragadarpan' Translation
- The statement that the Indian classical work 'Ragadarpan' was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq is incorrect.
- Ragadarpan is a Sanskrit text on music theory and aesthetics, and there is no historical evidence to suggest that it was translated into Persian during Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq's reign.

Therefore, all three statements provided in the question are incorrect as they misrepresent historical facts related to cultural developments during the period of CE 1200-1500.
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With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider the following statements:1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar.2. Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language.3. The Indian classical work ‘Ragadarpan’ was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider the following statements:1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar.2. Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language.3. The Indian classical work ‘Ragadarpan’ was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider the following statements:1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar.2. Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language.3. The Indian classical work ‘Ragadarpan’ was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for With reference to cultural development during CE 1200-1500, consider the following statements:1. Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, or the Digest of Laws, was prepared in the reign of Akbar.2. Zia Nakhshabi translated Rajatarangini and Mahabharata into Persian language.3. The Indian classical work ‘Ragadarpan’ was translated into Persian during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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