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He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans. Which of the following travellers has been described by the passage given above?
  • a)
    Ibn Battuta
  • b)
    Abdur Razzak
  • c)
    Ferishta
  • d)
    Al-Biruni
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wro...
Abdur Razzak
Abdur Razzak was a Persian traveller who was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to the Vijayanagar Empire. He wrote about his travels in the book Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, also known as The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans.

Significance of his travels
- Abdur Razzak's travels provide valuable insights into the political, social, and cultural aspects of the Vijayanagar Empire during the 15th century.
- His detailed observations and descriptions offer a unique perspective on the empire's administration, trade, and religious practices.

Legacy
- The Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain is considered an important historical document that sheds light on the history of the Vijayanagar Empire.
- Abdur Razzak's accounts have been studied by historians and scholars to gain a better understanding of the empire's history and its interactions with other regions.

Comparison with other travellers
- While other travellers like Ibn Battuta and Al-Biruni also wrote about their journeys, Abdur Razzak's work stands out for its focus on the Vijayanagar Empire and its detailed descriptions of the region.
In conclusion, Abdur Razzak's travels and his book provide valuable insights into the Vijayanagar Empire and its history, making him an important figure in the study of medieval Indian history.
Community Answer
He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wro...
  • Abdur Razzak, like Nicolo di Conti, visited the city during the reign of Deva Raya II, but about twenty years later than Conti. He was entrusted with an embassy from Persia, and set out on his mission on January 13, A.D. 1442.
    • Abdur Razzaq was a reluctant traveller, who left Herat only at the order of his monarch, and who swore in his travelogue that he would never make a voyage again.
    • In 1441, Shah Rukh of Persia sent Kamal-ud-din Abdur Razzaq as an emissary to Vijayanagar. Abdur Razzaq wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans, which was translated into French— and then, in 1855, the translation was translated into English by R.H. Major. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
    • His views about the Vijaynagar Empire are given below:
      • Abdur Razzaq who had travelled widely in and outside India, and was an ambassador at the court of Deva Raya II (1423-46), says: “This latter prince has in his dominions three hundred ports, each of which is equal to Calicut, and his territories comprise a space of three months journey.”
      • “The country is for the most part well cultivated, very fertile. The troops amount in number to eleven lakhs.”
      • He mentioned about the fortification of the city. He wrote that ''the city of Bijanagar is such that eye has not seen nor ear heard of any place resembling it upon the whole earth. It is so built that it has seven fortified walls, one within the other.”
  • The wealth of the Vijayanagar city and its kings are attested by another Persian historian, Ferishta, the author of Tarikh-i Ferishta, “The princes of the Bahmani maintained their superiority by valour only; for in power, wealth and extent of the country, the Rayas of Bijarnagar (Vijayanagar) greatly exceeded them.” Ferishta had joined the service of King Ibrahim Adil II of Bijapur in 1589.
  • Al-Biruni was born in 973 AD, in Khwarizm in present-day Uzbekistan. In 1017, when Sultan Mahmud invaded Khwarizm, he took several scholars and poets back to his capital, Ghazni; Al-Biruni was one of them. He arrived in Ghazni as a hostage, but gradually developed a liking for the city, where he spent the rest of his life until his death at the age of 70.
    • Al-Biruni spent years in the company of Brahmana priests and scholars, learning Sanskrit, and studying religious and philosophical texts. While his itinerary is not clear, it is likely that he travelled widely in the Punjab and parts of northern India.
    • Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind, written in Arabic, is a voluminous text, divided into 80 chapters on subjects such as religion and philosophy, festivals, astronomy, alchemy, manners and customs, social life, weights and measures, iconography, laws and metrology. Generally (though not always), Al-Biruni adopted a distinctive structure in each chapter, beginning with a question, following this up with a description based on Sanskritic traditions, and concluding with a comparison with other cultures.
    • He was familiar with translations and adaptations of Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit texts into Arabic – these ranged from fables to works on astronomy and medicine.
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He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans. Which of the following travellers has been described by the passage given above?a)Ibn Battutab)Abdur Razzakc)Ferishtad)Al-BiruniCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans. Which of the following travellers has been described by the passage given above?a)Ibn Battutab)Abdur Razzakc)Ferishtad)Al-BiruniCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans. Which of the following travellers has been described by the passage given above?a)Ibn Battutab)Abdur Razzakc)Ferishtad)Al-BiruniCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for He was sent by the Persian ruler as an emissary to Vijayanagar. He wrote his travels in the Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul- Bahrain, or The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of Two Oceans. Which of the following travellers has been described by the passage given above?a)Ibn Battutab)Abdur Razzakc)Ferishtad)Al-BiruniCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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