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Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
1. He founded the newspaper Kesari in English and Mahratta in Marathi.
2. He was arrested under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code on the charge of sedition against the government.
3. He started the practice of using traditional religious festivals like the Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to propagate nationalist ideas through patriotic songs and speeches.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak:1. He foun...
Explanation:

Statement 1:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak indeed founded the newspapers Kesari in English and Mahratta in Marathi.
- These newspapers played a significant role in spreading nationalist ideas and promoting the cause of Indian independence.

Statement 2:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code, which deals with sedition against the government.
- He was charged with sedition for his writings and speeches that criticized British colonial rule in India and called for self-rule.

Statement 3:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak did start the practice of using traditional religious festivals like the Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to propagate nationalist ideas.
- He leveraged these festivals to gather people, deliver patriotic speeches, and promote a sense of unity and pride among Indians.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B - 2 and 3 only.
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Community Answer
Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak:1. He foun...
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the outstanding leader of militant nationalism. Born in 1856, Tilak devoted his entire life to the service of his country. In 1881, along with G.G. Agarkar, he founded the newspaper Kesari (in Marathi) and Mahratta (in English). In 1888, he took over the two papers and used their columns to spread discontent against British rule and to preach national resistance to it. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
  • In 1893, he started the practice of using the traditional religious Ganapati festival to propagate nationalist ideas through patriotic songs and speeches. In 1896, he started the Shivaji festival to stimulate nationalism among young Maharashtrians. In the same year, he organized an all-Maharashtra campaign for the boycott of foreign cloth in protest against the imposition of the excise duty on cotton. He was, perhaps the first among the national leaders to grasp the important role that the lower middle classes, peasants, artisans and workers could play in the national movement and, therefore, he saw the necessity of bringing them into the Congress fold. Hence statement 3 is correct.
  • In pursuance of this objective, he initiated a no-tax campaign in Maharashtra during 1896-97 with the help of the young workers of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Referring to the official famine code whose copies he got printed in Marathi and distributed by the thousand, he asked the famine-stricken peasants of Maharashtra to withhold payment of land revenue if their crops had failed.
  • In 1897, plague broke out in Poona and the Government had to undertake severe measures of segregation and house- searches. Unlike many other leaders, Tilak stayed in Poona, supported the Government and organized his own measures against the plague. But he also criticized the harsh and heartless manner in which the officials dealt with the plague-stricken people. Popular resentment against the official plague measures resulted in the assassination of Rand, the Chairman of the Plague Committee in Poona, and Lt. Ayerst by the Chaphekar brothers on 27 June 1898.
    • The British- owned Press and the bureaucracy were quick to portray the Rand murder as a conspiracy by the Poona Brahmins led by Tilak. The Government investigated the possibility of directly involving Tilak in Rand’s assassination. But no proof could be found. And so, the Government decided to arrest him under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code on the charge of sedition, that is, spreading disaffection and hatred against the Government. Hence statement 2 is correct.
    • Tilak was arrested on 27 July 1879 and tried before Justice Strachey and a jury of six Europeans and three Indians. The charge was based on the publication in the Kesari of 15 June of a poem titled ‘Shivaji’s Utterances’ ‘read out by a young man at the Shivaji Festival and on a speech Tilak had delivered at the Festival in defense of Shivaji’s killings of Afzal Khan.
    • Tilak’s defense of Shivaji’s killing of Afzal Khan was portrayed by the prosecution as an incitement to kill British officials. The overall accusation was that Tilak propagated the views in his newspaper, that the British had no right to stay in India and any and all means could be used to get rid of them.
    • The jury gave a 6 to 3 verdict holding Tilak guilty, the three dissenters being its Indian members. The Judge passed a barbarous sentence of rigorous imprisonment for eighteen months, and this when Tilak was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council. Simultaneously several other editors of the Bombay Presidency were tried and given similar harsh sentences.
    • Tilak’s imprisonment led to widespread protests all over the country
  • In 1898, the Government amended Section 124A and added a new Section 153A to the penal code, making it a criminal offence for anyone to attempt ‘to bring into contempt’ the Government of India or to create hatred among different classes, that is vis-a-vis Englishmen in India. This once again led to nationwide protest
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Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak:1. He founded the newspaper Kesari in English and Mahratta in Marathi.2. He was arrested under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code on the charge of sedition against the government.3. He started the practice of using traditional religious festivals like the Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to propagate nationalist ideas through patriotic songs and speeches.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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