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In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds follows the order
- a)H₂C═O>R₂C═O>Ar₂C═O>RCHO>ArCHO
- b)H₂C═O>RCHO>ArCHO>R₂C═O>Ar₂C═0
- c)Ar₂C═O>R₂C═O>ArCHO>RCHO>H₂C═O
- d)ArCHO>Ar₂C═O>RCHO>R₂C═O>H₂C═0
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivity of carbonyl com...
Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds is determined by their structure and the nature of the substituents attached to the carbonyl group. The reactivity follows a specific order based on the type of carbonyl compound.
Order of Reactivity:
- HCO > RCHO > ArCHO > RCO > ArCO
Explanation:
1. HCO (Formaldehyde): Formaldehyde is the most reactive carbonyl compound in nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the absence of any stabilizing groups. The electron-withdrawing effect of substituents decreases reactivity.
2. RCHO (Aldehydes): Aldehydes are less reactive than formaldehyde but more reactive than ketones. The presence of an alkyl group in aldehydes provides some steric hindrance, reducing reactivity compared to formaldehyde.
3. ArCHO (Aromatic Aldehydes): Aromatic aldehydes are less reactive than aliphatic aldehydes due to the resonance stabilization provided by the aromatic ring. This stabilization decreases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.
4. RCO (Ketones): Ketones are less reactive than aldehydes due to the presence of two alkyl groups that increase steric hindrance around the carbonyl carbon. This hindrance reduces the accessibility of the nucleophile to the electrophilic center.
5. ArCO (Aromatic Ketones): Aromatic ketones are the least reactive among the carbonyl compounds in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The aromatic ring provides significant resonance stabilization, decreasing the reactivity of the carbonyl group.
Therefore, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds in nucleophilic substitution reactions follows the order mentioned above, with formaldehyde being the most reactive and aromatic ketones being the least reactive.
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds is determined by their structure and the nature of the substituents attached to the carbonyl group. The reactivity follows a specific order based on the type of carbonyl compound.
Order of Reactivity:
- HCO > RCHO > ArCHO > RCO > ArCO
Explanation:
1. HCO (Formaldehyde): Formaldehyde is the most reactive carbonyl compound in nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the absence of any stabilizing groups. The electron-withdrawing effect of substituents decreases reactivity.
2. RCHO (Aldehydes): Aldehydes are less reactive than formaldehyde but more reactive than ketones. The presence of an alkyl group in aldehydes provides some steric hindrance, reducing reactivity compared to formaldehyde.
3. ArCHO (Aromatic Aldehydes): Aromatic aldehydes are less reactive than aliphatic aldehydes due to the resonance stabilization provided by the aromatic ring. This stabilization decreases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.
4. RCO (Ketones): Ketones are less reactive than aldehydes due to the presence of two alkyl groups that increase steric hindrance around the carbonyl carbon. This hindrance reduces the accessibility of the nucleophile to the electrophilic center.
5. ArCO (Aromatic Ketones): Aromatic ketones are the least reactive among the carbonyl compounds in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The aromatic ring provides significant resonance stabilization, decreasing the reactivity of the carbonyl group.
Therefore, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds in nucleophilic substitution reactions follows the order mentioned above, with formaldehyde being the most reactive and aromatic ketones being the least reactive.
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