Water (H2O)
Water is a simple yet essential molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- Hydrogen (H): Water consists of two hydrogen atoms, each with one proton and one electron.
- Oxygen (O): Water contains one oxygen atom, with eight protons, eight neutrons, and eight electrons.
The unique arrangement of these atoms in a water molecule results in its polar nature, making it an excellent solvent and critical for various biological processes.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide is a crucial compound composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
- Carbon (C): The carbon atom in carbon dioxide has six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons.
- Oxygen (O): There are two oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide, each with eight protons, eight neutrons, and eight electrons.
Carbon dioxide plays a vital role in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and being a byproduct of various natural processes and human activities.