Components of Alimentary Canal:

1. Mouth:
- Function: The mouth is the entry point of the alimentary canal where the process of digestion begins. It helps in chewing and breaking down food into smaller pieces, and mixes it with saliva to facilitate swallowing.

2. Pharynx:
- Function: The pharynx serves as a passageway for food and air. It helps in the swallowing process by pushing food from the mouth to the esophagus.

3. Esophagus:
- Function: The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It helps in the transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic movements.

4. Stomach:
- Function: The stomach is a muscular organ that stores and digests food. It secretes gastric juices that help in breaking down food into a semi-liquid form called chyme.

5. Small Intestine:
- Function: The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients take place. It is divided into three parts - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

6. Large Intestine:
- Function: The large intestine absorbs water and salts from undigested food and forms feces. It consists of the cecum, colon, and rectum.

7. Rectum:
- Function: The rectum is the last part of the alimentary canal where feces are stored before being eliminated through the anus.
In conclusion, the alimentary canal is a complex system of organs that work together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. Each component plays a crucial role in the process of digestion and ensures the proper functioning of the digestive system.