Relationship between Planning and Controlling
Planning and controlling are two essential functions of management that are closely interconnected and interdependent. Let's delve into the relationship between planning and controlling in detail:

Planning
- Planning is the process of setting goals, determining the actions needed to achieve those goals, and outlining the resources required.
- It involves forecasting future scenarios, developing strategies, and creating a roadmap for the organization.
- Effective planning helps in identifying opportunities, allocating resources efficiently, and establishing a direction for the organization.
- It provides a framework for decision-making and guides the organization towards its objectives.

Controlling
- Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it with pre-established standards, and taking corrective actions if there are any deviations.
- It ensures that the activities are being carried out as planned and helps in achieving organizational goals.
- Controlling helps in identifying variances, analyzing the reasons behind them, and making necessary adjustments to stay on track.
- It provides feedback on the effectiveness of the planning process and helps in improving future plans.

Relationship
- Planning and controlling are interconnected as planning sets the goals and direction for the organization, while controlling ensures that these goals are being achieved.
- Controlling is not possible without planning as it requires pre-established standards against which performance can be measured.
- Planning provides the basis for controlling by defining objectives, targets, and timelines, which serve as benchmarks for evaluating performance.
- Controlling helps in evaluating the effectiveness of planning by identifying deviations and making adjustments to ensure the success of the plan.
In conclusion, planning and controlling are integral parts of the management process, and their relationship is crucial for the success of any organization. Effective planning lays the foundation for controlling, and controlling ensures that the organization stays on course to achieve its goals.