First Government of France (1789-1791)
• The French government from the beginning of the revolution in 1789 until 1791 was a Constitutional Monarchy.
• The National Assembly was established to represent the people and create a constitution.
• The monarch, King Louis XVI, retained his title but had limited powers under the new constitution.
First Republic (1792-1804)
• In 1792, the monarchy was abolished, and France became a republic.
• The National Convention was created as the new governing body.
• The Reign of Terror took place during this period, led by the radical Jacobins.
Napoleonic Era (1799-1815)
• Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power in 1799 and declared himself Emperor in 1804.
• The Napoleonic Code was established, bringing about legal reforms in France.
• Napoleon's rule ended with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
Restoration of Monarchy (1814-1830)
• After Napoleon's defeat, the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France.
• The period was marked by political instability and multiple revolutions.
• The July Revolution of 1830 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under King Louis-Philippe.
Second Republic (1848-1852)
• The February Revolution of 1848 established the Second Republic in France.
• Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was elected President in 1848 and later declared himself Emperor Napoleon III in 1852.
• The Second Republic ended with the establishment of the Second Empire.
Second Empire (1852-1871)
• Napoleon III ruled as Emperor of the Second Empire from 1852 until its collapse in 1870.
• The empire was characterized by industrialization, modernization, and territorial expansion.
• The defeat in the Franco-Prussian War led to the fall of the Second Empire in 1870 and the establishment of the Third Republic in 1871.
This timeline highlights the various forms of government in France from the beginning of the revolution in 1789 until the September of 1871.