External Powers' Influence on Bilateral Relations in South Asia
India and Pakistan have shared a tumultuous relationship for decades, with external powers playing a significant role in influencing their bilateral relations.

China's Role in Indo-Pak Relations
- China's close ties with Pakistan, particularly in the form of military and economic support, have often been a cause of concern for India.
- China's involvement in infrastructure projects in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has raised objections from India as it considers this region as part of its sovereign territory.
- China's growing influence in the region, through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has also added a new dimension to the Indo-Pak rivalry.
- The China factor has not only impacted India-Pakistan relations but has also influenced India's relations with other South Asian countries as well. India has been wary of China's expanding footprint in the region.
- The strategic partnership between China and Pakistan has emboldened Pakistan to adopt aggressive postures towards India, including supporting cross-border terrorism.
In conclusion, external powers like China have played a significant role in shaping the dynamics of bilateral relations in South Asia, particularly between India and Pakistan. These influences have added complexity and challenges to an already fragile relationship, making it essential for all stakeholders to engage in dialogue and diplomacy to promote peace and stability in the region.