Main Characteristics of Mauryan Administration

Centralized Authority:
- The Mauryan administration was characterized by a strong centralized authority, with the emperor holding ultimate power and making all major decisions.
- The emperor was assisted by a council of ministers who helped in governing the vast empire.

Division of Territory:
- The Mauryan Empire was divided into provinces known as 'bhuktis' or 'rashtras' which were further divided into districts called 'vishayas'.
- Each province was governed by a 'Mahamatya' who was responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and administering justice.

Administrative System:
- The Mauryan administration was well-organized with efficient bureaucratic systems in place.
- The empire was divided into different departments such as finance, agriculture, trade, and industry, each headed by a minister.

Taxation System:
- The Mauryan Empire had a sophisticated taxation system where land revenue was the primary source of income.
- Taxes were collected in the form of produce or cash, and the state also had control over mining and trading activities.

Law and Order:
- The Mauryan administration maintained law and order through a well-established system of courts and judges.
- The emperor appointed 'Dharma Mahamatyas' who were responsible for ensuring justice and upholding the law.

Public Welfare:
- The Mauryan administration was known for its emphasis on public welfare, with policies aimed at improving the lives of its subjects.
- Emperor Ashoka, in particular, implemented policies promoting social welfare, healthcare, and education.
Overall, the Mauryan administration was characterized by its centralized authority, efficient bureaucratic systems, emphasis on public welfare, and strong taxation and legal systems.