Relationship between Controlling and Planning
Planning and controlling are two essential functions of management that are closely interlinked. They are both crucial for the success of an organization and work hand in hand to achieve the desired goals. Here are two key points describing the relationship between controlling and planning:

1. Coordination:
- Planning involves setting goals, objectives, and strategies to achieve them. It lays down a roadmap for the organization to follow. Controlling, on the other hand, involves monitoring and measuring the actual performance against the planned goals. By comparing the actual results with the planned ones, managers can identify any deviations and take corrective actions to bring the performance back on track.
- Controlling helps in ensuring that the resources are used efficiently and effectively to achieve the desired outcomes. It provides feedback to the planners about the effectiveness of their plans and helps them make necessary adjustments for future planning. This coordination between planning and controlling is crucial for the organization to stay on course and achieve its objectives.

2. Continuous Improvement:
- Planning and controlling work in a cyclical manner, where the results of controlling feed back into the planning process. The feedback obtained from the controlling process helps in identifying any weaknesses or inefficiencies in the planning process. This enables the organization to learn from its mistakes and continuously improve its planning process.
- By integrating controlling with planning, organizations can create a more dynamic and adaptive management process. This continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and adjusting ensures that the organization is responsive to changes in the internal and external environment. It helps in adapting to new challenges and opportunities, leading to improved performance and sustainable growth.
In conclusion, the relationship between controlling and planning is symbiotic, with each function complementing the other. By integrating these two functions effectively, organizations can enhance their decision-making processes, improve their performance, and achieve their strategic objectives.