Protection of the Southern Peninsula
The Southern Peninsula of India was protected from invasions by a combination of geographical features, natural barriers, and the presence of powerful kingdoms.

Geographical Features
- The Southern Peninsula is surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south. These bodies of water acted as natural barriers, making it difficult for invading forces to reach the region by sea.
- The Western Ghats mountain range runs parallel to the western coast of the peninsula, further isolating the region from potential invaders.

Natural Barriers
- The dense forests and rugged terrain of the Western Ghats made it challenging for armies to navigate and launch attacks on the southern kingdoms.
- The Deccan Plateau, with its rocky terrain and sparse vegetation, also served as a natural barrier, protecting the southern kingdoms from invasions from the north.

Powerful Kingdoms
- The southern region was home to powerful kingdoms like the Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas, and Rashtrakutas, who had well-trained armies and strong fortifications to defend their territories.
- These kingdoms often formed alliances and cooperated with each other to repel invasions and maintain peace and stability in the region.
Overall, the combination of geographical features, natural barriers, and the presence of powerful kingdoms helped protect the Southern Peninsula from invasions and foreign conquests.