Physical Properties of Construction Materials:

Strength:
- The strength of a construction material refers to its ability to withstand applied forces without failing or breaking.
- It is an important factor in determining the structural integrity and safety of a building or infrastructure.

Ductility:
- Ductility is the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress before fracturing.
- Materials with high ductility can undergo significant deformation without breaking, making them suitable for applications where flexibility is required.

Toughness:
- Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing.
- A tough material can withstand impact and heavy loads without breaking or shattering.

Malleability:
- Malleability refers to the ability of a material to be deformed under compressive stress without cracking.
- Malleable materials can be easily shaped or formed into different shapes without breaking, making them ideal for applications that require shaping or forming.

Hardness:
- Hardness is the resistance of a material to indentation or scratching.
- It is an important property for construction materials as it determines their ability to withstand wear and abrasion.

Elasticity:
- Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed.
- Materials with high elasticity can withstand repeated loading without permanent deformation, making them suitable for applications where flexibility is required.