Socialist Views on the Vision of the Future
- Karl Marx: Marx believed that capitalism would eventually collapse due to internal contradictions, leading to a socialist revolution. He envisioned a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively.
- Friedrich Engels: Engels, a collaborator of Marx, also believed in the eventual collapse of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist society based on common ownership of the means of production.
- Vladimir Lenin: Lenin, a key figure in the Russian Revolution, believed in the need for a vanguard party to lead the proletariat in overthrowing the capitalist system and establishing a socialist state.
- Rosa Luxemburg: Luxemburg, a Marxist revolutionary, emphasized the importance of mass action by the working class in bringing about social change and criticized the authoritarian tendencies of Leninism.

Philosophers' Perspectives on Transforming Society
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Hegel believed in the dialectical process of history leading to the realization of freedom and self-consciousness in society. He saw the state as the embodiment of the ethical life of a community.
- Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche critiqued traditional morality and advocated for the creation of new values based on individual creativity and self-expression.
- Michel Foucault: Foucault's work focused on power dynamics in society and how institutions shape individual behavior. He argued for resistance against oppressive structures through acts of subversion.
- Jürgen Habermas: Habermas emphasized the importance of communicative action and rational discourse in achieving social progress and fostering a more inclusive and democratic society.