Reaction between Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid
- Chemical Equation:
Na2CO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
- Explanation:
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The balanced chemical equation shows that one mole of sodium carbonate reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to produce two moles of sodium chloride, one mole of water, and one mole of carbon dioxide. The physical states of the reactants and products are indicated in the equation.
- Physical States:
- Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is a solid (s).
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an aqueous solution (aq).
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an aqueous solution (aq).
- Water (H2O) is a liquid (l).
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gas (g).
- Significance:
This reaction is a double displacement reaction where sodium carbonate, a base, reacts with hydrochloric acid, an acid, to form a salt (sodium chloride) and water. Carbon dioxide is also produced as a byproduct. This reaction is important in various industrial processes, such as in the manufacturing of glass, soap, and paper. It is also commonly used in laboratory experiments to demonstrate chemical reactions and stoichiometry principles.
- Conclusion:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid highlights the stoichiometry of the reaction and the physical states of the reactants and products involved. This reaction plays a crucial role in various applications and serves as a fundamental concept in chemistry.