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Intravenous infusions usually are
driven by gravity by hanging the fluid
bottle at sufficient height to counteract
the blood pressure in the vein and to
force the fluid into the body. The higher
the bottle is raised, the higher the flow
rate of the fluid will be.
(a) If it is observed that the fluid and the
blood pressures balance each other when
the bottle is 1.2 m above the arm level,
determine the gage pressure of the blood.
(b) If the gage pressure of the fluid at the
arm level needs to be 20 kPa for
sufficient flow rate, determine how high
the bottle must be placed. Take the
density of the fluidto be 1020 kg/m3
.
2. Explore the applications of the?
Most Upvoted Answer
Intravenous infusions usually are driven by gravity by hanging the flu...
Determining Gage Pressure of Blood
To find the gage pressure of blood when the fluid bottle is 1.2 m above the arm level:
- **Formula for Pressure**:
The pressure difference can be calculated using the formula:
\[ P = \rho g h \]
where:
- \( P \) = pressure (Pa)
- \( \rho \) = density of the fluid (kg/m³)
- \( g \) = acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²)
- \( h \) = height difference (m)
- **Calculation**:
Substituting values:
\[ P = 1020 \, \text{kg/m³} \times 9.81 \, \text{m/s²} \times 1.2 \, \text{m} \]
\[ P = 12051.84 \, \text{Pa} \]
Converting to kPa:
\[ P = 12.05 \, \text{kPa} \]
Thus, the gage pressure of the blood is approximately **12.05 kPa**.

Determining Required Height for Sufficient Flow Rate
To achieve a gage pressure of 20 kPa at arm level:
- **Rearranging the Pressure Formula**:
\[ h = \frac{P}{\rho g} \]
- **Substituting Values**:
\[ h = \frac{20000 \, \text{Pa}}{1020 \, \text{kg/m³} \times 9.81 \, \text{m/s²}} \]
\[ h = \frac{20000}{9998.2} \]
\[ h \approx 2.00 \, \text{m} \]
Thus, the fluid bottle must be placed approximately **2.00 m** above the arm level.

Applications of Intravenous Infusions
- **Medication Delivery**:
- Administering medications, fluids, and nutrients directly into the bloodstream for rapid absorption.
- **Hydration**:
- Providing essential fluids to patients unable to drink, ensuring proper hydration levels.
- **Nutritional Support**:
- Delivering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for patients with gastrointestinal issues.
- **Blood Transfusions**:
- Facilitating the transfer of blood products to patients needing transfusions.
- **Emergency Care**:
- Quickly delivering life-saving medications in critical situations.
These applications highlight the importance of intravenous infusions in medical practice, enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes.
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Intravenous infusions usually are driven by gravity by hanging the fluid bottle at sufficient height to counteract the blood pressure in the vein and to force the fluid into the body. The higher the bottle is raised, the higher the flow rate of the fluid will be. (a) If it is observed that the fluid and the blood pressures balance each other when the bottle is 1.2 m above the arm level, determine the gage pressure of the blood. (b) If the gage pressure of the fluid at the arm level needs to be 20 kPa for sufficient flow rate, determine how high the bottle must be placed. Take the density of the fluidto be 1020 kg/m3 . 2. Explore the applications of the?
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