Introduction
The unification of Germany in the 19th century was a pivotal moment in European history, largely orchestrated by Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian statesman. His strategic diplomacy and military prowess transformed a collection of independent states into a cohesive nation-state.

Main Body

1. Realpolitik Approach
- Bismarck employed a pragmatic approach known as Realpolitik, prioritizing practical goals over ideological considerations.
- His focus was on strengthening Prussia’s position within the fragmented German states.

2. Wars of Unification
- **Danish War (1864)**: Bismarck allied with Austria to defeat Denmark, gaining control over Schleswig and Holstein.
- **Austro-Prussian War (1866)**: He provoked Austria into war, leading to a swift Prussian victory, which resulted in the exclusion of Austria from German affairs.
- **Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)**: Bismarck manipulated tensions with France, framing the conflict as a unifying cause for the German states, rallying them under Prussian leadership.

3. Establishment of the German Empire
- Following the Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck convened the German states in Versailles, where they proclaimed the German Empire in 1871, with the King of Prussia as the Emperor.
- This solidified the unification process, transforming Germany into a major European power.

Conclusion
Bismarck's calculated strategies—through wars, diplomacy, and astute political maneuvering—were instrumental in the unification of Germany. His legacy remains a testament to the power of decisive leadership in shaping national identity and statehood.