Historical Context of Independence
India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. This moment marked the end of nearly 200 years of British presence in India, which had profound impacts on the country’s social, economic, and political landscape.

Key Movements Leading to Independence
- Indian National Congress: Founded in 1885, it became the principal platform for demanding self-rule.
- Non-Cooperation Movement: Launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi, this movement encouraged Indians to withdraw from British institutions and promote swadeshi goods.
- Salt March: In 1930, Gandhi led a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest the salt tax, symbolizing civil disobedience against British laws.

Role of Key Figures
- Mahatma Gandhi: Advocated for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, inspiring millions.
- Jawaharlal Nehru: A prominent leader who played a crucial role in negotiations for independence and became India’s first Prime Minister.
- Subhas Chandra Bose: Fought for independence through armed struggle, emphasizing the need for militant action against colonial forces.

Partition and Its Consequences
- Division of India and Pakistan: Independence was accompanied by the partition of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, leading to massive population displacements and communal violence.
- Legacy of Independence: The struggle for independence left a lasting impact on Indian society, politics, and its identity as a sovereign nation.
Understanding these aspects provides a comprehensive view of India’s journey to independence, highlighting the sacrifices and efforts made by countless individuals and groups.