Definition of Feudalism
Feudalism is a social and economic system that dominated medieval Europe, characterized by the exchange of land for military service and loyalty. It emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire, creating a hierarchical structure where land was the primary source of wealth and power.
Important Classes of Feudal Society
- King
- The highest authority in the feudal system.
- Owned all land and granted portions to nobles in exchange for military support.
- Nobles (Lords and Barons)
- Received land (fiefs) from the king.
- Managed the land and provided protection to vassals in return for loyalty and military service.

- Knights
- Vassals of the nobles, sworn to protect their lord’s land.
- Provided military service in exchange for land and status.
- Peasants (Serfs and Freeholders)
- The majority of the population, working the land.
- Serfs were bound to the land and provided labor, while freeholders owned small plots and had more rights.
- Clergy
- Religious leaders who played a crucial role in society.
- Managed church lands and influenced both the spiritual and political aspects of feudal life.
Conclusion
Feudalism created a rigid social structure where relationships among classes were defined by mutual obligations. Each class played a significant role in the maintenance and stability of the system, shaping medieval society's political and economic landscape.