Understanding the Right to Life
The right to life is enshrined under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which states, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.” This fundamental right is essential for the existence and dignity of every individual.
Scope of the Right to Life
- Protection Against Arbitrary Deprivation: The right ensures that individuals cannot be deprived of life arbitrarily or without due process.
- Judicial Interpretation: The Supreme Court has expansively interpreted Article 21 to include the right to live with dignity, leading to the inclusion of various rights like the right to privacy, right to health, and right to a clean environment.
Extent of the Right to Life in Present Context
- Judicial Precedents: Landmark judgments, such as Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India, have affirmed that any law affecting the right to life must be just, fair, and reasonable.
- Emerging Issues: Contemporary issues like environmental degradation, healthcare access, and digital privacy have brought new dimensions to the right to life, making it more relevant than ever.
- State Responsibilities: The state is obligated to ensure not only the protection of life but also the provision of basic necessities like food, water, and housing, as reflected in various judgments.
Conclusion
The right to life is a dynamic concept that continues to evolve through judicial interpretations and societal needs. It embodies the essence of human dignity and places a fundamental obligation on the state to protect and enhance the quality of life for all citizens.