Assertion (A): The Harappan civilization is noted for its advanced urb...
- Assertion: The assertion is true as the Harappan civilization is indeed recognized for its advanced urban planning, particularly during the Mature Harappan period.
- Reason: The reason is also true, as extensive archaeological findings support the presence of large buildings and complex drainage systems in Harappan cities, indicating advanced urban infrastructure.
- Explanation: The reason provides a correct explanation for the assertion since the urban planning and architectural achievements of the Harappan civilization are supported by the evidence of large structures and sophisticated infrastructure. Thus, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
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Assertion (A): The Harappan civilization is noted for its advanced urb...
Assertion (A) Explained
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, is renowned for its remarkable urban planning and architecture, especially during the Mature Harappan period (approximately 2600–1900 BCE).
Key Features of Assertion:
- Urban Layout: Cities were meticulously planned with a grid pattern.
- Architecture: Structures were constructed using standardized baked bricks.
- Public Spaces: Included large public baths and granaries, indicating social organization.
Reason (R) Explained
The archaeological evidence from sites such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa supports the assertion with findings that highlight their engineering skills.
Key Features of Reason:
- Large Buildings: Evidence of multi-story houses and administrative buildings.
- Sophisticated Drainage: Complex drainage systems included covered drains and latrines, emphasizing sanitation.
- Water Management: Well-planned water supply systems, including wells and reservoirs.
Connection Between Assertion and Reason
- Direct Correlation: The advanced urban planning (Assertion) is evident through the sophisticated drainage systems and large buildings (Reason).
- Reason as Explanation: The archaeological findings directly support and explain why the Harappan civilization is noted for its urban planning, making the Reason a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Conclusion
Both the Assertion and Reason are true, with the Reason effectively explaining the Assertion. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A'. The Harappan civilization's achievements in urban planning and architecture are well-documented, and the archaeological evidence substantiates these claims.