PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Kya Hai?
PCR, yaani Polymerase Chain Reaction, ek lab technique hai jo kisi specific DNA sequence ko amplify karne ke liye istemal hoti hai. Is technique ka vikas 1983 mein Kary Mullis ne kiya tha, aur yeh biotechnology aur molecular biology mein ek mahatvapurn tool ban chuki hai.
PCR Ka Kaam Kaise Karta Hai?
PCR teen mukhya kadam mein kaam karta hai:
- Denaturation: DNA strands ko 94-98°C par garam kiya jata hai, jisse DNA double helix toot jata hai aur single strands ban jate hain.
- Annealing: Temperature ko 50-65°C tak kam kiya jata hai, jahan primers (short DNA sequences) target DNA se judte hain.
- Extension: Temperature ko 75°C par le jaya jata hai, jahan DNA polymerase enzyme naye DNA strands banata hai.
Yeh cycle 20-40 baar dohraayi jati hai, jisse target DNA ka lakhon ya karodon baar amplification hota hai.
PCR Ke Labh
PCR ke kai labh hain:
- Genetic Testing: Gene mutations aur diseases ka pata lagane mein madad.
- Forensic Science: Crime scenes se DNA evidence ka analysis.
- Research: Molecular biology aur genetics ke research projects mein istemal.
- Diagnosis: Infectious diseases jaise tuberculosis aur COVID-19 ki rapid detection.
Antim Shabd
PCR ek powerful aur versatile technique hai jo scientific research aur medical diagnosis mein ek mahatvapurn yogdan deti hai. Is technique ki madad se, hum DNA ka detailed study kar sakte hain aur various applications ke liye use kar sakte hain.