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What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need to reduce delays in the judicial system?
  • a)
    To ensure timely access to justice for economically disadvantaged individuals
  • b)
    To increase the number of judges in the High Courts
  • c)
    To enhance the complexity of court procedures
  • d)
    To promote the use of technology in courts
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need...
President Droupadi Murmu emphasized that delays in the court system create significant challenges for poor and rural individuals seeking justice. These delays contribute to a sense of uncertainty, particularly for those already facing barriers in the legal system due to their economic or geographic circumstances. By reducing these delays, the aim is to make justice more accessible and timely for vulnerable communities. Additionally, ensuring access to justice is a fundamental aspect of upholding the rule of law in any society.
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Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.The purpose of DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill is to regulate the use of DNA information for establishing the identity of people. An index is sought to be created and maintained by national and regional DNA banks. The indices are meant for criminals, undertrials, missing and deceased persons. One of the common applications of DNA technology is to create profiles of people using nails, hair, swabs and so on. Bodily types will be compared, categorised, homogenised and excluded, along with the inferences drawn from these divisions.These profiles are then meant to guide law enforcement in investigations. Although the technology has been used (without proper regulation) under criminal procedure codes, the bill will institutionalise its use within the justice system with the maintenance of databases. Experts believe that the bill leaves ample room for misuse, and that its consent provisions are not strong. A more fundamental concern is that DNA technology for identification derives from antiquated and discredited methods. Scientists confirm that much of DNA analysis involving statistical modelling algorithms embed judgements of the people behind the creation of these tools. This means that DNA samples collected are used to statistically create composites of types of people - racial, ethnic and so on. These methods, in their composition of types, in the inferences drawn, and the mathematical fact of computing averages to arrive at the estimates of types, have the scope for giving a scientific varnish to existing social and cultural bias.Another question is that of openness. Already, denial of access to DNA laboratory records is affecting the rights of individuals in defending themselves, as highlighted by the work of Project 39A. With a new system of indexing DNA profiles of undertrials, criminals, missing and deceased persons, it becomes all the more important to think about the openness of the algorithmic techniques used in these methods. With no shield in the form of data protection and privacy laws, or the cross-dialogue with anti-discrimination laws like SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, we are potentially moving towards automating, invisibilising and legitimising already existing biases in society, all in the name of technology.[Extracted with edits and revisions from, The DNA bill will cement a disturbing link between tech and policing, Hindustan Times]Q.Can the bill, as it stands, be utilized to gather DNA profiles from over a thousand individuals solely on the grounds of suspicion, such as in the case of a blind crime or a riot involving a large number of people?

The government is planning on establishing a large FRT network, known as Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS), which aims at simplifying the process of CCTV monitoring by extracting facial biometrics from videos and matching it with the images housed in a database. Use of AFRS clearly abridges an individual’s exercise of his right to privacy enshrined under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. If someone protests against the government, even in a peaceful manner, this technology will enable the government to record the details of all such individuals, which might lead to individual targeting of protestors. This will cast a chilling effect on an individual’s freedom of speech and expression, right to protest, and right to movement under Article 19. The use of this technology does not satisfy the threshold set up by the Supreme Court in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v Union of India. Here, the Supreme Court had ruled that privacy is a fundamental right, even in public spaces. If this right is to be infringed, the government must show that its action is sanctioned by law, proportionate to the need for such interference, and in pursuit of a legitimate aim. As far as the legitimacy of AFRS is concerned, the IT Act of 2000 classifies biometric data as sensitive personal data, and contains rules for collection, disclosure and sharing of such information. But these are only applicable to “body corporates” and not to the government's use of biometric facial data. Such surveillance is also unethical as it requires the deployment of FRT on citizens without their consent. The distrust among civil society also stems from the fact that the government is trying to set up this system without prior discussion or consultation regarding its implications. In its landmark Aadhaar Judgment, while rejecting the justification of countering black money, as the basis for mandatory linkage of Aadhaar (India’s national biometric ID) with bank accounts, the Supreme Court had noted that imposing such a restriction on the entire population, without any evidence of wrongdoing on their part, would constitute a disproportionate response. The Court’s concern here clearly shows how AFRS can be misused by the government. Furthermore, the accuracy of this technology is also unpredictable and might lead to unfavourable consequences in investigation. Therefore, deployment of AFRS without any legitimate checks and balances will lead to a function creep in India with serious repercussions. The government should constitute an efficient legal framework and an independent oversight committee to regulate the use of this technology, and also to bring about accountability within the framework of governance.Whatsbook is a famous social networking application which is used by more than 30% of India’s population. Government of India is bringing a policy wherein each and every individual will be required to link their AADHAR identity card with their Whatsbook accounts. The policy is aimed at increasing surveillance on the messages that are shared between people in order to detect seditious activities. Can this act be taken as one creating the ‘chilling effect’, as presented in the passage?

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.The education sector—especially K-12 public school systems—aren’t usually the earliest adopters of new technology. Despite the fact that they’re equipping our children for the future, they don’t always move the fastest to get there. For that reason, digital transformation trends in education typically move a bit slower than some other industries. Still, that doesn’t mean they aren’t happening.There is growing interest in using AR and VR to help students “experience” things like history, travel, and even STEM program development. Products like Google Expeditions are aiming to make classroom AR more attainable, with a wide range of experiences available via simple phone apps. One of the cool things about technology today is that it allows for more personalized learning experiences to help kids who have dyslexia or other conditions that cause them to learn differently. For instance, tech like Dragon Speak helps dyslexic students “write” their papers by voice, ensuring that their answers are not limited by their ability to spell or write.The IoT can allow a student’s teacher to share his or her test results with other teachers and parents in real-time. It can automatically track when homework has been completed and even collect data about how long it takes the student to finish the assignment. With that information, teachers can gain a better understanding of whether their methods are working, whether assignments may be too cumbersome, or if students seem to be working too late into the night. The teachers can then make necessary changes in their methods.The more common tech access becomes, the more we need to focus on keeping students safe from cyber dangers. We need a stronger focus on role-based access and endpoint security. And with the help of AI and machine learning, manning the many potential threats will be far easier. There are so many digital transformation trends in education that are taking off in pockets throughout the country. Clearly, there will be differences in the type of technology being used in wealthier public school districts and private schools than in disadvantaged ones. However, the changes we’re going to see in 2019 will pave a way for making many of these advancements more universally acceptable.Q. One of the following sentences mentioned in the passage is grammatically incorrect. Find the incorrect sentence.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.The purpose of DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill is to regulate the use of DNA information for establishing the identity of people. An index is sought to be created and maintained by national and regional DNA banks. The indices are meant for criminals, undertrials, missing and deceased persons. One of the common applications of DNA technology is to create profiles of people using nails, hair, swabs and so on. Bodily types will be compared, categorised, homogenised and excluded, along with the inferences drawn from these divisions.These profiles are then meant to guide law enforcement in investigations. Although the technology has been used (without proper regulation) under criminal procedure codes, the bill will institutionalise its use within the justice system with the maintenance of databases. Experts believe that the bill leaves ample room for misuse, and that its consent provisions are not strong. A more fundamental concern is that DNA technology for identification derives from antiquated and discredited methods. Scientists confirm that much of DNA analysis involving statistical modelling algorithms embed judgements of the people behind the creation of these tools. This means that DNA samples collected are used to statistically create composites of types of people - racial, ethnic and so on. These methods, in their composition of types, in the inferences drawn, and the mathematical fact of computing averages to arrive at the estimates of types, have the scope for giving a scientific varnish to existing social and cultural bias.Another question is that of openness. Already, denial of access to DNA laboratory records is affecting the rights of individuals in defending themselves, as highlighted by the work of Project 39A. With a new system of indexing DNA profiles of undertrials, criminals, missing and deceased persons, it becomes all the more important to think about the openness of the algorithmic techniques used in these methods. With no shield in the form of data protection and privacy laws, or the cross-dialogue with anti-discrimination laws like SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, we are potentially moving towards automating, invisibilising and legitimising already existing biases in society, all in the name of technology.[Extracted with edits and revisions from, The DNA bill will cement a disturbing link between tech and policing, Hindustan Times]Q. What is the potential issue raised in the passage regarding the use of DNA technology for identification?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.The purpose of DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill is to regulate the use of DNA information for establishing the identity of people. An index is sought to be created and maintained by national and regional DNA banks. The indices are meant for criminals, undertrials, missing and deceased persons. One of the common applications of DNA technology is to create profiles of people using nails, hair, swabs and so on. Bodily types will be compared, categorised, homogenised and excluded, along with the inferences drawn from these divisions.These profiles are then meant to guide law enforcement in investigations. Although the technology has been used (without proper regulation) under criminal procedure codes, the bill will institutionalise its use within the justice system with the maintenance of databases. Experts believe that the bill leaves ample room for misuse, and that its consent provisions are not strong. A more fundamental concern is that DNA technology for identification derives from antiquated and discredited methods. Scientists confirm that much of DNA analysis involving statistical modelling algorithms embed judgements of the people behind the creation of these tools. This means that DNA samples collected are used to statistically create composites of types of people - racial, ethnic and so on. These methods, in their composition of types, in the inferences drawn, and the mathematical fact of computing averages to arrive at the estimates of types, have the scope for giving a scientific varnish to existing social and cultural bias.Another question is that of openness. Already, denial of access to DNA laboratory records is affecting the rights of individuals in defending themselves, as highlighted by the work of Project 39A. With a new system of indexing DNA profiles of undertrials, criminals, missing and deceased persons, it becomes all the more important to think about the openness of the algorithmic techniques used in these methods. With no shield in the form of data protection and privacy laws, or the cross-dialogue with anti-discrimination laws like SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, we are potentially moving towards automating, invisibilising and legitimising already existing biases in society, all in the name of technology.[Extracted with edits and revisions from, The DNA bill will cement a disturbing link between tech and policing, Hindustan Times]Q. According to the passage, why are some experts concerned about the DNA Technology Regulation Bill?

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What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need to reduce delays in the judicial system?a)To ensure timely access to justice for economically disadvantaged individualsb)To increase the number of judges in the High Courtsc)To enhance the complexity of court proceduresd)To promote the use of technology in courtsCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need to reduce delays in the judicial system?a)To ensure timely access to justice for economically disadvantaged individualsb)To increase the number of judges in the High Courtsc)To enhance the complexity of court proceduresd)To promote the use of technology in courtsCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need to reduce delays in the judicial system?a)To ensure timely access to justice for economically disadvantaged individualsb)To increase the number of judges in the High Courtsc)To enhance the complexity of court proceduresd)To promote the use of technology in courtsCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for What is one primary reason President Droupadi Murmu cited for the need to reduce delays in the judicial system?a)To ensure timely access to justice for economically disadvantaged individualsb)To increase the number of judges in the High Courtsc)To enhance the complexity of court proceduresd)To promote the use of technology in courtsCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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