Overview of Buddhism's Vehicles
Buddhism is broadly categorized into two main traditions: the Greater Vehicle (Mahayana) and the Lesser Vehicle (Hinayana or Theravada). Each has distinct beliefs and practices.
Core Beliefs
- Mahayana (Greater Vehicle)
- Emphasizes the Bodhisattva ideal—seeking enlightenment not only for oneself but for all sentient beings.
- Believes in multiple Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who can assist practitioners on their spiritual journey.
- Encourages compassion and altruism as central tenets.
- Theravada (Lesser Vehicle)
- Focuses on individual enlightenment through personal effort and meditation.
- Views the Buddha primarily as a historical figure and teacher, rather than a divine being.
- Prioritizes the original teachings of the Buddha, adhering closely to the Pali Canon.
Practices
- Mahayana
- Incorporates a variety of rituals, devotional practices, and texts such as the Lotus Sutra.
- Promotes the use of mantras and visualizations in meditation.
- Acknowledges various paths to enlightenment, allowing for diverse practices.
- Theravada
- Emphasizes Vipassana (insight) meditation and mindfulness.
- Follows monastic discipline strictly, with a strong focus on community (Sangha).
- Rituals are simpler and often centered around meditation and ethical living.
Conclusion
In summary, while both vehicles share foundational Buddhist teachings, Mahayana's expansive view on enlightenment and community contrasts with Theravada's focus on individual practice and adherence to early texts. This divergence reflects the adaptability and richness of Buddhist philosophy across cultures.