Post-Liberalisation Era in India: Evolution of Development Administration
The post-liberalisation era in India, initiated in the early 1990s, marked a significant transformation in development administration. Here are key points outlining this evolution:
1. Shift from Centralized to Decentralized Governance
- The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992 empowered local self-governments, promoting decentralized governance.
- Example: Panchayati Raj institutions have become pivotal in planning and implementing rural development projects.
2. Focus on Inclusive Development
- Policies began emphasizing poverty alleviation, gender equality, and inclusion of marginalized communities.
- Example: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was introduced to provide guaranteed employment, enhancing rural livelihoods.
3. Adoption of Technology in Administration
- The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has streamlined government services and enhanced transparency.
- Example: The Digital India initiative aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society, making services accessible online.
4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)
- The liberalisation era saw increased collaboration between the government and private sector to deliver public services more efficiently.
- Example: Infrastructure projects like the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor showcase successful PPP models in development.
5. Performance-Based Management Systems
- Emphasis on results-oriented approaches in governance to assess the effectiveness of development programs.
- Example: The introduction of the Performance-Based Grant system incentivizes states to improve service delivery and governance.
6. Globalisation and Policy Adaptation
- Engaging with global standards and practices has influenced policy-making and administrative reforms.
- Example: The National Skill Development Mission aligns with global skill standards to enhance employability among youth.
This evolution reflects India's dynamic approach to development administration, adapting to changing economic and social landscapes while striving for inclusive growth.