Consider the following statements about the Civil Disobedience Movemen...
1. The movement officially was not approved by Congress before its launch.: This is incorrect. The Civil Disobedience Movement was officially approved by the Indian National Congress (INC) during its Lahore session in December 1929. Congress had already passed the resolution to launch it under Gandhi's leadership.
2. 26th January as Independence Day all over the country was decided during the Civil Disobedience Movement.: This is correct. During the Lahore session of 1929, the INC adopted the resolution to observe 26th January as Independence Day. This marked the beginning of the demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
3. All the Round Table Conferences between the British government and Indian leaders followed only after this movement.: This is incorrect. The Round Table Conferences began in 1930, but the first one was before the major phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The second and third Round Table Conferences occurred after the movement had gained significant momentum.
4. The movement was withdrawn because of violence.: This is correct. The Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended by Gandhi in 1931 after the outbreak of violence, particularly the Chauri Chaura incident, where a police station was attacked, leading to the deaths of policemen.
Consider the following statements about the Civil Disobedience Movemen...
Overview of the Civil Disobedience Movement
The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched in 1930, was a significant phase in the Indian struggle for independence from British rule. Several statements have been made regarding this movement, and analyzing them helps clarify historical facts.
Statement 1: Official Approval by Congress
- The movement was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi without formal approval from the Indian National Congress (INC).
- The Congress was divided on the method and timing of launching such a mass movement.
Statement 2: 26th January as Independence Day
- The decision to observe 26th January as Independence Day was indeed made during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- The INC declared this day in 1930 to symbolize the demand for complete independence.
Statement 3: Round Table Conferences
- The Round Table Conferences were convened in 1930, 1931, and 1932, but they were not exclusively a result of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- The British Government's need to negotiate with Indian leaders was a broader context that included various factors.
Statement 4: Withdrawal of the Movement
- The movement was temporarily withdrawn in 1934 due to escalating violence, particularly after the incident at the Salt March and subsequent clashes.
- Gandhi believed in non-violence, and the violence undermined the movement’s objectives.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Statements 1 and 4 are correct: The movement was not formally approved, and it was withdrawn due to violence.
- Statement 2 is correct: The significance of 26th January was established during this period.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The Round Table Conferences were not solely a result of this movement.
Thus, the correct answer is option C (2 and 4 only), as these statements accurately reflect the historical context of the Civil Disobedience Movement.