1. Define Psychology.
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It involves the examination of various aspects of the mind, including perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, personality, and social interaction. It seeks to understand the underlying processes that influence human behavior and how individuals adapt and function in different environments.

2. What are the goals of psychology?
The goals of psychology include:
- Describing behavior: Psychologists aim to accurately describe and document different forms of human behavior.
- Understanding behavior: They seek to comprehend the factors that contribute to specific behaviors and their underlying psychological processes.
- Predicting behavior: Psychologists strive to predict future behavior based on observed patterns and past experiences.
- Controlling or modifying behavior: By understanding the causes and consequences of behavior, psychologists aim to develop effective strategies for behavior modification and improvement.

3. Differentiate between structuralism and functionalism.
- Structuralism: It was a school of thought in psychology that focused on breaking down the mind into its basic components, such as sensations, feelings, and perceptions. It aimed to understand the structure of consciousness through introspection and subjective experiences.
- Functionalism: This approach emphasized the adaptive and functional aspects of the mind and behavior. It aimed to understand how mental processes and behaviors help individuals adapt to their environment and fulfill their needs.

4. Explain the scientific method in psychology.
The scientific method is a systematic approach used by psychologists to conduct research and gather evidence. It typically involves the following steps:
- Formulating a research question or hypothesis.
- Designing the study: This includes selecting the sample, determining variables, and choosing appropriate research methods.
- Collecting data: Researchers gather data through observations, experiments, surveys, or other methods.
- Analyzing and interpreting the data: Data is analyzed using statistical techniques to draw conclusions and identify patterns.
- Drawing conclusions: Researchers evaluate their findings and draw conclusions about the research question or hypothesis.
- Reporting and replicating: The results are shared with the scientific community through publications, and other researchers may seek to replicate the study to validate the findings.

5. Discuss the different perspectives in psychology.
- Biological perspective: This approach emphasizes the influence of biology, genetics, and the nervous system on behavior and mental processes.
- Behavioral perspective: It focuses on observable behaviors and the environmental factors that shape them. It emphasizes the role of conditioning and reinforcement in learning.
- Cognitive perspective: This perspective examines mental processes such as thinking, memory, perception, and problem-solving. It explores how individuals process information and make decisions.
- Psychodynamic perspective: It explores the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and the influence of unconscious drives on behavior. It was developed by Sigmund Freud.
- Humanistic perspective: This approach focuses on individual growth, self-actualization, and personal experiences. It emphasizes the importance of free will and personal agency in shaping behavior.
- Sociocultural perspective: This perspective examines how social and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes. It considers the impact of norms, values, and social interactions on individuals.