The bacteria act on the sugar present in the left over food particles sticking to the teeth to form acid. The acid thus formed eats up enamel and dentine of the tooth gradually and ultimately makes a cavity in the tooth. When this cavity reaches the pulp cavity of the tooth (which contains nerves) , our teeth become painful and we get toothache

 

Effects of Bacteria on Teeth and Tooth Decay


When teeth are not properly cleaned, the bacteria present in the mouth can convert the sugars from the food we consume into acids. These acids can then attack the tooth enamel, leading to tooth decay. Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a common oral health problem that can cause pain, sensitivity, and even tooth loss if left untreated.

How Bacteria Cause Tooth Decay


The process of tooth decay begins with the presence of plaque, a sticky film that forms on the teeth. Plaque is composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. When we consume sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque use these carbohydrates as a source of energy and produce acids as a byproduct.

Effects on Enamel


The acids produced by the bacteria attack the outer layer of the tooth, called the enamel. Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, but it is not invincible. The acid weakens the enamel, causing it to lose minerals in a process called demineralization. Over time, this can lead to the formation of tiny holes or pits in the enamel, which are the initial stages of tooth decay.

Effects on Dentin


If tooth decay is not addressed in its early stages, the acids can penetrate deeper into the tooth, reaching the layer beneath the enamel called dentin. Dentin is softer and more vulnerable to acid attacks. As the acids continue to erode the dentin, the decay progresses, and the affected area may become sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli.

Effects on Pulp and Nerves


If tooth decay is left untreated, the acids can eventually reach the innermost part of the tooth called the pulp. The pulp contains blood vessels, connective tissue, and nerves. When the pulp becomes infected or inflamed due to bacterial invasion, it can result in intense toothache and the need for more extensive dental treatments such as root canal therapy or even tooth extraction.

Preventing Tooth Decay


To prevent tooth decay, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing. Additionally, limiting the consumption of sugary foods and drinks can help reduce the availability of carbohydrates for the bacteria to convert into acids. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also crucial for detecting and addressing any early signs of tooth decay.

Overall, the bacteria present on uncleaned teeth play a significant role in the development of tooth decay. By understanding the process by which bacteria convert sugars into acids and the subsequent effects on different parts of the tooth, individuals can take steps to maintain proper oral hygiene and prevent tooth decay.