Single Transferable Vote System
The Single Transferable Vote (STV) system is a method of preferential voting used in elections where multiple candidates are to be elected from the same constituency. It aims to achieve proportional representation and ensure that minority viewpoints are also represented.

How STV Works
- Voters rank candidates in order of preference on the ballot.
- To be elected, a candidate must reach a certain quota of votes based on the number of valid ballots cast and the number of positions to be filled.
- If a candidate exceeds the quota with first-preference votes, the surplus votes are transferred to the next preferred candidate based on the voters' preferences.
- If no candidate reaches the quota after the first count, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to the next preferred candidates.
- This process continues until all positions are filled.

Advantages of STV
- Promotes voter choice and allows for the representation of diverse viewpoints.
- Encourages cooperation among candidates and discourages negative campaigning.
- Reduces wasted votes and ensures that most votes contribute to the election outcome.
- Provides a fair representation of the electorate's preferences.

Challenges of STV
- Can be complex for voters to understand the ranking system.
- Counting votes can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.
- Small constituencies may not achieve full proportional representation.
Overall, the Single Transferable Vote system is a widely used electoral system that aims to balance the principles of proportionality and voter choice in selecting representatives.