Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant...,,, Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.

Self-pollination vs Cross-pollination

Self-pollination and cross-pollination are two different methods by which plants reproduce. These processes involve the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (anther) to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of a flower, leading to fertilization and the production of seeds. However, there are distinct differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination in terms of the mechanisms involved and the genetic diversity of offspring produced.

Self-pollination:

Self-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or a flower on the same plant. The key characteristics of self-pollination are as follows:

1. Transfer of pollen: Pollen grains are released from the anther and come into contact with the stigma within the same flower or plant.
2. Less genetic diversity: Self-pollination results in limited genetic diversity because the pollen and ovule come from the same individual plant. Offspring produced through self-pollination are essentially clones of the parent plant.
3. Advantages: Self-pollination ensures reproductive success even in the absence of pollinators or when pollinators are scarce. It also helps to maintain desirable traits in a population, as the genetic characteristics of the parent plant are preserved.
4. Disadvantages: The lack of genetic diversity in self-pollination can lead to reduced adaptability to changing environmental conditions and increased susceptibility to diseases and pests.

Cross-pollination:

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant of the same species. The key characteristics of cross-pollination are as follows:

1. Transfer of pollen: Pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant, which can be facilitated by wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals.
2. Enhanced genetic diversity: Cross-pollination promotes genetic diversity as it brings together genetic material from different plants. This diversity allows for the development of new traits and increased adaptability of the offspring.
3. Advantages: Cross-pollination allows for the exchange of genetic material, leading to the production of offspring with enhanced genetic diversity. This increased diversity provides a greater chance for survival and adaptation to changing environments.
4. Disadvantages: Cross-pollination relies on external agents for pollen transfer, such as insects or wind, which may not always be available. The reliance on external agents can be a disadvantage if they are scarce or inefficient.

In summary, self-pollination occurs within the same flower or plant and leads to limited genetic diversity, while cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen between different plants, resulting in enhanced genetic diversity. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of pollination method depends on various factors such as the availability of pollinators, environmental conditions, and the genetic goals of the plant population.