Chapter 3: An Empire Across Three Continents
- This chapter discusses the expansion of the Mughal Empire under Akbar.
- Akbar adopted policies of religious tolerance and cultural syncretism.
- He abolished the jizya tax on non-Muslims and encouraged inter-faith dialogue.
- Akbar's administration was centralized and efficient, with the use of mansabdars and a revenue system.
- The Mughal Empire reached its zenith under Akbar's rule.

Chapter 4: The Central Islamic Lands
- This chapter focuses on the Abbasid Caliphate and the rise of Islamic civilization.
- The Abbasids established Baghdad as their capital and created a cosmopolitan society.
- The Islamic world made significant contributions in the fields of science, medicine, and philosophy.
- Trade flourished along the Silk Road, connecting the East and West.
- The decline of the Abbasid Caliphate was marked by internal strife and invasions by the Mongols.
These chapters provide insights into the political, social, and cultural developments of the Mughal Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate, giving students a deeper understanding of the historical context of these empires.