Introduction:
International trade refers to the exchange of goods, services, and capital across borders between nations. It plays a significant role in the economic development of countries, offering numerous benefits. This response will delve into the various ways in which nations gain from international trade.

1. Increased Economic Growth:
International trade fosters economic growth by expanding markets and promoting specialization. It allows countries to focus on producing goods and services they have a comparative advantage in, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. By engaging in trade, nations can access a wider range of products and resources, stimulating economic growth.

2. Access to a Variety of Goods and Services:
Through international trade, countries can access a diverse range of goods and services that may not be available domestically or are produced more efficiently elsewhere. This allows consumers to enjoy a wider selection of high-quality products at competitive prices.

3. Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency:
Trade encourages competition, which drives firms to become more efficient and innovative in order to remain competitive. Exposure to international markets compels companies to improve their production processes, adopt new technologies, and strive for higher quality standards. This ultimately leads to increased productivity and economic efficiency.

4. Job Creation and Increased Employment:
International trade creates employment opportunities by expanding markets and promoting economic growth. As countries specialize in producing goods and services they are relatively efficient in, it leads to increased production and subsequently, job creation. Export-oriented industries often generate substantial employment, benefiting the workforce and reducing unemployment rates.

5. Economies of Scale:
International trade allows nations to benefit from economies of scale. By increasing the scale of production, companies can reduce their average costs, leading to lower prices for consumers. This enables countries to produce goods more efficiently and cost-effectively, resulting in improved competitiveness in the global market.

6. Foreign Exchange Earnings:
International trade generates foreign exchange earnings for nations. Exporting goods and services allows countries to earn foreign currency, which can be used to import essential commodities, technology, and capital goods. These earnings contribute to the overall stability and development of a nation's economy.

7. Access to Resources and Inputs:
International trade provides countries with access to resources and inputs that may be scarce or unavailable domestically. This allows nations to utilize their resources more efficiently and effectively. For example, a country rich in natural resources but lacking in technological expertise can trade its resources for advanced technology from other nations.

Conclusion:
International trade offers numerous benefits to nations, including increased economic growth, access to a wider variety of goods and services, enhanced productivity and efficiency, job creation, economies of scale, foreign exchange earnings, and access to resources and inputs. By engaging in international trade, countries can harness these advantages to drive economic development and improve the standard of living for their citizens.