What is drainage system and it's pattern. Explain ?

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Drainage system known as river system are the patterns formed by the streams , rivers , and lakes in a particular  drainage basin in the topographic region form which a steam receives runoff throughflow and ground water flow

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Drainage System and its Patterns

The drainage system refers to the network of natural or artificial channels that carry excess water away from an area. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the water balance of an ecosystem and preventing waterlogging or flooding. The pattern of a drainage system is determined by various factors such as topography, geology, climate, and vegetation type. Let's explore the concept of drainage systems and their patterns in detail.

1. Definition
A drainage system is a network of channels, including rivers, streams, and artificial canals, that collect and transport water from higher elevations to lower elevations or bodies of water. It allows excess water to flow away from an area, preventing the accumulation of water on the surface and maintaining the hydrological balance.

2. Types of Drainage Patterns
Drainage patterns are classified based on the arrangement and organization of the channels. There are several common types of drainage patterns:

i. Dendritic Pattern: This is the most common and widespread pattern, characterized by a treelike branching arrangement. It occurs when the underlying rock or soil has a uniform resistance to erosion, resulting in the formation of parallel main channels with smaller tributaries joining them at acute angles.

ii. Radial Pattern: In this pattern, the rivers or streams diverge from a central high point, such as a volcano or a dome-shaped mountain. The channels radiate outward in different directions, resembling the spokes of a wheel.

iii. Rectangular Pattern: This pattern occurs when the channels follow a rectangular or grid-like pattern, usually found in regions with highly jointed or fractured bedrock. The channels tend to flow along the joints or faults, creating right-angled bends.

iv. Trellis Pattern: The trellis pattern consists of parallel main channels with shorter tributaries flowing into them at right angles. It is commonly observed in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock or folded topography.

v. Parallel Pattern: This pattern occurs when rivers or streams flow parallel to each other, usually found in steep mountainous regions with parallel valleys. It is formed due to the presence of alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock.

vi. Deranged Pattern: The deranged pattern is characterized by a chaotic arrangement of channels with no clear pattern or direction. It is typically observed in regions with recently glaciated landscapes or areas affected by tectonic activities.

3. Factors Influencing Drainage Patterns
The formation of drainage patterns is influenced by various factors:

i. Topography: The slope and relief of the land determine the direction and flow of water. Steep slopes often result in more rapid and straighter channels, while gentle slopes lead to meandering rivers.

ii. Geology: The type and structure of the underlying rock or soil influence the resistance to erosion, which, in turn, affects the formation of different drainage patterns.

iii. Climate: The amount and intensity of rainfall, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events, impact the volume and speed of water flow. Areas with high rainfall often have more extensive and complex drainage systems.

iv. Vegetation Type: Vegetation affects the rate of infiltration and water retention. Dense vegetation can slow down the

Similar Humanities/Arts Doubts

Which of the following is true about Mohenjodaros drainage system?i. Streets were laid out in a grid pattern with drains.ii. Drainage systems were constructed after the houses were built.iii. Each house had drains connected to street drains.iv. Mohenjodaro lacked a well-designed drainage system.

Explain it broadly The river system of the himalayan drainage.?

what is grid pattern in drainage system in harappan Related: Chapter Notes - Bricks, Beads and Bones, Class 12, History?

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