Soluble substance:- The substance which can dissolve in water are called as soluble substance. Insoluble substance:- The substance which can't dissolve in water are called as insoluble.

Soluble Substances

Soluble substances are those substances that can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture. They are also referred to as solutes. The solvent can be a liquid, gas, or solid. Soluble substances can be further classified into two types:

1. Polar Solutes:

Polar solutes are those solutes that have a positive and negative end. They are soluble in polar solvents like water, alcohol, and acetone. Examples of polar solutes are sugar and salt.

2. Non-Polar Solutes:

Non-polar solutes are those solutes that do not have a positive and negative end. They are soluble in non-polar solvents like benzene, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride. Examples of non-polar solutes are oil and grease.

Insoluble Substances

Insoluble substances are those substances that cannot dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture. They are also referred to as insolutes. Insoluble substances can be further classified into two types:

1. Partially Insoluble:

Partially insoluble substances are those substances that can dissolve in a solvent to a limited extent. Examples of partially insoluble substances are calcium carbonate and lead iodide.

2. Completely Insoluble:

Completely insoluble substances are those substances that cannot dissolve in any solvent. Examples of completely insoluble substances are sand and clay.

Importance

The solubility of a substance is an important factor in many chemical and biological processes. For example, the solubility of nutrients in water is essential for plants to absorb them through their roots. The solubility of drugs in the bloodstream is essential for their efficacy. The solubility of gases like oxygen in water is essential for aquatic life.

In summary, soluble substances are those that can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture, while insoluble substances cannot. The solubility of a substance is an important factor in many chemical and biological processes.