Main Difference between the Dravida and Nagara Styles of Temple Architecture

The Dravida and Nagara styles of temple architecture are two distinct architectural styles prevalent in different regions of India. While both styles evolved during the medieval period, they exhibit several differences in terms of their forms, features, and regional influences.

1. Geographical Influence:
The Dravida style originated in the southern part of India, primarily in the Tamil Nadu region. On the other hand, the Nagara style developed in the northern and central regions of India, including areas such as Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.

2. Temple Structure:
The Dravida style temples are characterized by their towering gopurams (entrance gateways) that are intricately carved with various deities and mythological scenes. The temples typically consist of a sanctum sanctorum (garbha griha), a hall (mandapa), and multiple pillared corridors (prakarams). In contrast, the Nagara style temples have a curvilinear shikhara (spire) that gradually rises in a series of smaller shikharas, giving it a pyramidal appearance. These temples usually consist of a sanctum, an antarala (vestibule), a mandapa, and sometimes an ardhamandapa (half-hall).

3. Architectural Elements:
In the Dravida style, the temple towers or gopurams are the most prominent architectural elements. They are elaborately decorated with sculptures depicting gods, goddesses, and various mythological stories. The Nagara style, on the other hand, focuses on the verticality of the shikhara. The shikhara is often adorned with miniature towers, known as urushringas, along with intricately carved sculptures and motifs.

4. Influence of Deities:
The Dravida style is largely influenced by the Shaiva, Vaishnava, and Shakta traditions. The temples dedicated to Lord Shiva (Shaivism) primarily follow the Dravida style. In contrast, the Nagara style is associated with the worship of Lord Vishnu (Vaishnavism) and often houses temples dedicated to Lord Rama or Lord Krishna.

5. Regional Variations:
While the Dravida style exhibits a relatively homogeneous architectural expression across its region of influence, the Nagara style displays significant regional variations. For instance, the Nagara style in Rajasthan is known for its intricate stone carvings and extensive use of marble, while the temples in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh are characterized by their towering shikharas and ornate sculptures.

In conclusion, the Dravida and Nagara styles of temple architecture differ in terms of their geographical origins, temple structures, architectural elements, influences of deities, and regional variations. These styles reflect the diverse cultural and religious practices that developed in different parts of India during the medieval period.