Describe and state various prefix and suffix used in naming of hydrocarbons and write general formula for Alkane , ene and yne .plss?

Question

Answer

The suffix is -ane if all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (formula CnH2n+2), -ene if at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond (formula CnH2n), and -yne is there is at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (formula CnH2n-2).

Answer

Answer

Prefixes and Suffixes Used in Naming Hydrocarbons:

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. They can be classified into three main types: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. These hydrocarbons are named using specific prefixes and suffixes to indicate the number and arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Prefixes:
1. Meth-: It refers to a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom.
2. Eth-: It denotes a hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms.
3. Prop-: It signifies a hydrocarbon with three carbon atoms.
4. But-: It represents a hydrocarbon with four carbon atoms.
5. Pent-: It indicates a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms.
6. Hex-: It refers to a hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms.
7. Hept-: It denotes a hydrocarbon with seven carbon atoms.
8. Oct-: It signifies a hydrocarbon with eight carbon atoms.
9. Non-: It represents a hydrocarbon with nine carbon atoms.
10. Dec-: It indicates a hydrocarbon with ten carbon atoms.

Suffixes:
1. -ane: It is used as a suffix for alkanes, indicating that the hydrocarbon has only single bonds between carbon atoms.
2. -ene: It is used as a suffix for alkenes, indicating that the hydrocarbon has a double bond between carbon atoms.
3. -yne: It is used as a suffix for alkynes, indicating that the hydrocarbon has a triple bond between carbon atoms.

General Formulas:
1. Alkanes: The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2. This means that for each carbon atom present in the molecule, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms plus two additional hydrogen atoms.
2. Alkenes: The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n. This means that for each carbon atom present in the molecule, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms.
3. Alkynes: The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2. This means that for each carbon atom present in the molecule, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms minus two.

Example:
Let's take the example of a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms. Using the prefixes and suffixes, we can name it as 'pentane' (ane for single bonds), 'pentene' (ene for double bond), or 'pentyne' (yne for triple bond). The general formulas for these hydrocarbons would be C5H12 (pentane), C5H10 (pentene), and C5H8 (pentyne), respectively.

In conclusion, the prefixes and suffixes used in naming hydrocarbons provide valuable information about the number of carbon atoms and the type of bonds present in the molecule. By applying these naming conventions and using the general formulas, it becomes easier to identify and classify different hydrocarbons based on their structure and composition.

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