The Mongol society in the 12th century had several key characteristics that set it apart from other societies of the time. These characteristics were shaped by their nomadic lifestyle, political structure, and cultural practices.

I. Nomadic Lifestyle:
- The Mongols were traditionally nomadic pastoralists who moved from place to place in search of pasture for their livestock, mainly horses, sheep, and goats.
- They lived in portable felt tents called yurts, which could be easily dismantled and transported.
- The nomadic lifestyle fostered a strong sense of mobility and adaptability among the Mongols.

II. Political Structure:
- The Mongols were organized into tribes or clans, each led by a chief or Khan. The most influential tribe was the Borjigin, to which Genghis Khan belonged.
- The Khan had absolute authority over his tribe and made decisions regarding war, diplomacy, and resource allocation.
- The tribes were loosely united under a confederation, with Genghis Khan eventually becoming the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire.

III. Military and Warfare:
- The Mongols were renowned for their exceptional military skills and tactics. They were skilled horsemen and expert archers.
- They utilized a cavalry-based army, which allowed them to swiftly maneuver across vast territories.
- The Mongols were known for their ruthless and efficient warfare, employing strategies such as feigned retreats and siege warfare.

IV. Cultural Practices:
- The Mongols practiced a form of shamanism, which involved the worship of spirits and nature deities.
- They revered their ancestors and believed in the power of spirits to influence their lives.
- The Mongols had a strong oral tradition, with stories and legends passed down through generations.
- They had a hierarchical social structure, with the nobility at the top, followed by commoners, and slaves at the bottom.

V. Trade and Commerce:
- The Mongols facilitated trade and commerce across their vast empire, establishing a network of trade routes known as the Silk Road.
- They promoted safe passage and protected merchants, contributing to the growth of international trade.
- The Mongols were known for their tolerance towards different religions and cultures, allowing for diverse interactions and exchange of goods.

In conclusion, the Mongol society in the 12th century was characterized by its nomadic lifestyle, strong political structure, military prowess, unique cultural practices, and facilitation of trade and commerce. These characteristics played a significant role in shaping the Mongol Empire and its impact on world history.