What is subsidiary alliance?

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Subsidiaries Alliance was intiated by lord wellesly governor general of India from 1798 to 1805. According to this Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent arm forces. They were to be protected by the company's forces which were mainted by the  lndian rulers. If the ruler failed to make the payments a part of its territory was taken away as penalty.

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According to the term Subsidiary Alliance if an Indian Ruler died without an Male successor his kingdom would lapse became the part of company territory

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Subsidiary Alliance: An Overview

The subsidiary alliance was a political and military strategy employed by the British East India Company in the 18th and 19th centuries to control and dominate Indian princely states. This alliance aimed to establish British hegemony in the Indian subcontinent while providing a facade of local autonomy to these states. The concept was first introduced by Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of India, and was widely implemented throughout the British Raj.

Key Elements of Subsidiary Alliance:
The subsidiary alliance was characterized by several key elements:

1. Non-aggression Pact: The princely state entering into a subsidiary alliance agreed to maintain peace and abstain from entering into any alliances or conflicts with other states without British consent. This ensured that the British maintained control over the military affairs of the state.

2. British Military Protection: The British East India Company offered military protection to the princely state, guaranteeing its defense against external threats. However, the costs of maintaining the subsidiary force were borne by the princely state itself.

3. British Control over Foreign Relations: The princely state had to seek British approval for any diplomatic negotiations or engagements with foreign powers. This effectively made the British the sole authority in matters of international relations.

4. Stationing of British Troops: As part of the subsidiary alliance, the British stationed troops in the princely state. These troops were ostensibly there for the state's protection but also served as a means for the British to exert influence and control over the local administration.

Reasons for Implementing Subsidiary Alliance:
The British East India Company employed the subsidiary alliance for several strategic reasons:

1. Expansion of British Influence: The subsidiary alliance allowed the British to extend their control over Indian territories without directly annexing them. It provided the British with a method to establish dominance while maintaining a semblance of local autonomy.

2. Control over Resources: By implementing the subsidiary alliance, the British gained control over the resources and revenues of the princely states. This allowed them to extract wealth and further strengthen their economic power.

3. Military Supremacy: The subsidiary alliance ensured that the princely states were dependent on the British for their defense and security. By stationing troops and controlling the military affairs, the British effectively eliminated any potential threat or resistance from the native rulers.

Impact and Criticisms:
The subsidiary alliance had significant consequences for both the British and the Indian princely states:

1. Loss of Sovereignty: The princely states lost their independence and sovereignty as they became puppets under British control. They were reduced to mere figureheads with limited authority.

2. Drain of Resources: The princely states had to bear the costs of maintaining the subsidiary force, leading to a significant drain on their resources. This further weakened their economic and political stability.

3. Resistance and Rebellion: The subsidiary alliance was met with resistance and rebellions by several princely states who sought to regain their independence. These uprisings, such as the Maratha resistance, challenged British authority and led to further conflicts.

4. Consolidation of British Power: The subsidiary alliance played

Answer

The subsidiary alliance was a political instrument introduced by lord wellesly , british governor of india , to bring the indian states under the british .
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Regards,
Shivank

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