Find out the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and also find coefficient of friction between surface and moving block with horizontal surface anyone give me procedure of it?

Question

Answer

Clean the horizontal table top and check the pulley to see that it is friction less (oil if necessary).
Weigh the wooden block and put it on the table top. (Check horizontality of table top by spirit level.)
Tie one end of a thread with the hook of the wooden block and pass it over the pulley.
(The thread must be horizontal).
Find the weight of the pan.
Tie other free end of the thread with the pan and let the pan hang vertical. (The pan will pull the wooden block horizontally by a force equal to its weight).
Since the pan itself does not pull the block, put some weights in the pan (from weight box).
Tap the table top to make the block just slide.
Increase weights in pan little by little, till the block just starts sliding on tapping the table top.
Note the total weights put in the pan then record them in observation table (sum of weight of pan and weights in pan gives the force of sliding friction.)
Put one 50 g or 20 g weight over the wooden block and repeat steps 8 and 9.
Repeat steps 8, 9, 10, six times. Every time increase weight by 50 g or 20 g.
Record the observations in tabular form as given ahead.

Answer

Relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction:
The force of limiting friction is the maximum force that can be exerted between two surfaces in contact without causing relative motion. It depends on the coefficient of friction and the normal reaction between the surfaces.

Procedure to find the coefficient of friction between a surface and a moving block on a horizontal surface:

1. Identify the setup: Determine the block that is moving on a horizontal surface and the surface it is in contact with.

2. Measure the normal reaction: Measure the weight of the block using a weighing scale or balance. The weight of the block is equal to the force of gravity acting on it. The normal reaction is the force exerted by the surface on the block perpendicular to the surface. It is equal to the weight of the block.

3. Apply a known force: Apply a known horizontal force on the block using a spring balance or any other force measuring instrument. Make sure the force is applied parallel to the surface.

4. Measure the force of limiting friction: Increase the applied force gradually until the block just starts to move. At this point, the force of limiting friction is equal to the applied force. Measure the force of limiting friction using the force measuring instrument.

5. Calculate the coefficient of friction: The coefficient of friction (µ) is calculated by dividing the force of limiting friction (F) by the normal reaction (N). µ = F/N.

6. Repeat the experiment: To ensure accuracy, repeat the experiment multiple times and take the average of the calculated coefficients of friction.

7. Record and analyze the data: Record all the measurements and calculations made during the experiment. Analyze the relationship between the force of limiting friction and the normal reaction.

Key Points:
- Force of limiting friction is the maximum force before relative motion occurs between two surfaces.
- It depends on the coefficient of friction and the normal reaction.
- To find the coefficient of friction between a surface and a moving block on a horizontal surface, measure the normal reaction and apply a known force parallel to the surface.
- Measure the force of limiting friction and calculate the coefficient of friction (µ = F/N).
- Repeat the experiment for accuracy and record all data for analysis.

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