Receptors are sensory structures (organs/ tissues/ cells) that detect changes in the environment, which are called stimuli, and turn them into electrical impulses to be transferred to the brain. The tongue has taste buds which can detect chemicals in food and identify taste. Hence, it is considered as receptor.

Effector is an organ that responds to stimulus. The tongue is a muscular organ that can respond to a stimulus. Hence, it is also considered as an effector organ

Introduction:
The tongue is a highly versatile organ located in the mouth that serves multiple functions. It plays a crucial role in the processes of taste, speech, and swallowing. Due to its characteristics and functions, the tongue can be considered both a receptor and an effect organ.

As a receptor:
1. Taste perception: The tongue is equipped with taste buds that allow us to perceive different tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. These taste buds contain specialized cells that are sensitive to specific taste molecules. When these cells come into contact with the taste molecules in food, they send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive different tastes.

2. Temperature and texture detection: The tongue is also sensitive to temperature and texture. It can detect the temperature of food and beverages, helping us distinguish between hot and cold. Additionally, the tongue can sense the texture of food, allowing us to differentiate between smooth, rough, or crunchy textures.

3. Chemical detection: Apart from taste, the tongue can also detect certain chemicals present in food. For example, it can sense the presence of spicy compounds like capsaicin in chili peppers, causing a sensation of heat or spiciness.

As an effect organ:
1. Movement and articulation: The tongue plays a crucial role in speech production. It helps in shaping sounds and forming different phonemes by moving in coordination with other speech organs like the lips and palate. The tongue touches different parts of the oral cavity to produce specific sounds, contributing to our ability to speak and communicate effectively.

2. Swallowing: The tongue is responsible for moving food towards the back of the mouth and initiating the process of swallowing. It pushes the food bolus into the pharynx, triggering a series of muscular contractions that facilitate the passage of food from the mouth to the esophagus.

3. Cleaning and lubrication: The tongue aids in the cleaning and lubrication of the oral cavity. Its surface is covered with tiny papillae that help remove debris, bacteria, and dead cells from the mouth. Additionally, the tongue produces saliva, which helps in the lubrication of food during chewing and swallowing.

Conclusion:
The tongue serves as both a receptor and an effect organ due to its ability to perceive tastes, temperatures, and textures, as well as its involvement in speech production, swallowing, and oral hygiene. Its multifunctional nature makes it an essential organ for various physiological processes.