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The hydraulic jump results when
- a)the flow is in a steep channel
- b)the flow is an adverse channel
- c)the flow is increased in the given channel
- d)the bed slope changes from steep to mild
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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The hydraulic jump results whena)the flow is in a steep channelb)the f...
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs in fast-moving open flows when the flow becomes unstable. When a jump occurs, the height of the liquid surface increases abruptly resulting in an increased depth and decreased average flow velocity downstream.
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The hydraulic jump results whena)the flow is in a steep channelb)the f...
Understanding Hydraulic Jumps
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow conditions of a fluid, particularly in open channel flow. It typically indicates a transition from supercritical flow to subcritical flow.
Key Conditions for Hydraulic Jump
- Flow Transition: Hydraulic jumps occur when the flow regime transitions from high velocity (supercritical) to lower velocity (subcritical). This typically happens when the bed slope changes from steep to mild.
- Energy Dissipation: The jump is characterized by a significant energy loss, which is essential in various engineering applications to control flow and reduce erosion in channels.
Why Option D is Correct
- Bed Slope Influence: In a steep channel, flows are generally supercritical. When there is a sudden change to a milder slope, the flow cannot maintain its high velocity due to gravity, resulting in a hydraulic jump.
- Flow Characteristics: The critical depth is where the flow regime changes. When the flow depth increases as it moves to a mild slope, the flow slows down, resulting in a hydraulic jump.
Other Options Explained
- Steep Channel: Option A is incorrect because steep channels promote supercritical flow rather than a jump.
- Adverse Channel: Option B misrepresents the condition; while adverse slopes can lead to flow separation, they do not directly cause hydraulic jumps.
- Increased Flow: Option C does not account for the slope change, making it insufficient for hydraulic jump occurrence.
In summary, hydraulic jumps primarily occur when the bed slope changes from steep to mild, causing a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, effectively leading to energy dissipation and flow modification.
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow conditions of a fluid, particularly in open channel flow. It typically indicates a transition from supercritical flow to subcritical flow.
Key Conditions for Hydraulic Jump
- Flow Transition: Hydraulic jumps occur when the flow regime transitions from high velocity (supercritical) to lower velocity (subcritical). This typically happens when the bed slope changes from steep to mild.
- Energy Dissipation: The jump is characterized by a significant energy loss, which is essential in various engineering applications to control flow and reduce erosion in channels.
Why Option D is Correct
- Bed Slope Influence: In a steep channel, flows are generally supercritical. When there is a sudden change to a milder slope, the flow cannot maintain its high velocity due to gravity, resulting in a hydraulic jump.
- Flow Characteristics: The critical depth is where the flow regime changes. When the flow depth increases as it moves to a mild slope, the flow slows down, resulting in a hydraulic jump.
Other Options Explained
- Steep Channel: Option A is incorrect because steep channels promote supercritical flow rather than a jump.
- Adverse Channel: Option B misrepresents the condition; while adverse slopes can lead to flow separation, they do not directly cause hydraulic jumps.
- Increased Flow: Option C does not account for the slope change, making it insufficient for hydraulic jump occurrence.
In summary, hydraulic jumps primarily occur when the bed slope changes from steep to mild, causing a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, effectively leading to energy dissipation and flow modification.
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The hydraulic jump results whena)the flow is in a steep channelb)the flow is an adverse channelc)the flow is increased in the given channeld)the bed slope changes from steep to mildCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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