Changes in Varna-based Society:

During ancient times, the Indian society was divided into four varnas or social classes, namely Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants). These varnas were determined by birth and occupation, and individuals were expected to follow certain rules and duties according to their varna.

1. Emergence of New Classes:
Over time, changes occurred in the varna-based society due to various factors, leading to the emergence of new classes. These changes included:

- Rise of Wealthy Merchants: With the development of trade and commerce, a new class of wealthy merchants emerged who became influential in society. They had economic power and began to challenge the traditional varna system.

- Increase in Artisans and Craftsmen: The growth of towns and cities led to the rise of artisans and craftsmen who specialized in various skills. They formed their own guilds and became a significant social group.

- Role of Women: Women had limited roles within the varna system, primarily as wives and mothers. However, some women were able to attain positions of power and influence, like the queens and princesses who played important roles in ruling dynasties.

2. Influence of Buddhism and Jainism:
The spread of Buddhism and Jainism also brought about changes in the varna-based society. These religions emphasized equality, non-violence, and the rejection of social hierarchies. As a result, many people from different varnas were attracted to these religions, leading to a blurring of social boundaries.

3. Social Mobility:
Another important change in the varna-based society was the possibility of social mobility. While varna determined a person's birth status, their occupation could sometimes allow them to move up or down the social ladder. For example, a person from a lower varna who acquired wealth and education could potentially move up to a higher varna.

4. Decline of Varna System:
Over time, the rigid varna system started to weaken, and the dominance of varna-based society declined. This was mainly due to the influence of religions like Buddhism and Jainism, as well as the changes brought about by economic developments and urbanization.

Conclusion:
The changes in the varna-based society led to the emergence of new social classes, the blurring of social boundaries, and the possibility of social mobility. These changes challenged the traditional hierarchical structure of the varna system and paved the way for a more dynamic and diverse society.