Caste is perhaps the most dominant aspect of Indian society and its study is incomplete without getting into the ramifications of the Hindu caste system. Caste and Race in India, since its first publication in the History of Civilization series, edited by C. K. Ogden in 1932, has remained a basic work for students of Indian sociology and anthropology. Over the years, this book has been highly acclaimed by teachers and reviewers alike, as a sociological classic.The present edition, an expanded version with five new chapters, elaborates on the evolution of sub-castes, and examines caste, sub-caste and kinship. It also presents a provocative and thorough analysis of the relationship between caste and politics by drawing examples from Tamil Nadu as experienced over the years. The concluding chapter is an incisive analysis of Indian society—the author apprehends that India will develop into a plural society and not a casteless one, which was the dream of the architects of her Constitution.

Work of Ghurye on Caste and Race

Introduction:
G.S. Ghurye, an eminent Indian sociologist, made significant contributions to the understanding of caste and race in Indian society. His work primarily focused on the study of Indian social structure, with a particular emphasis on the caste system and its relationship with race. Ghurye's research and writings have provided valuable insights into the complexities of these social phenomena.

Ghurye's Approach:
Ghurye adopted an interdisciplinary approach to the study of caste and race, combining insights from sociology, anthropology, history, and Indology. He believed that the caste system in India was a unique social institution that required careful analysis and interpretation.

Understanding Caste:
Ghurye's work on caste aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of its origins, functions, and transformations over time. He emphasized the hierarchical nature of the caste system, with Brahmins occupying the highest position and Shudras at the bottom. Ghurye also explored the ritualistic, occupational, and endogamous dimensions of caste, highlighting its influence on social stratification, marriage patterns, and economic activities.

Relationship between Caste and Race:
Ghurye examined the relationship between caste and race, emphasizing the complex interplay between social identities based on birth and physical attributes. He argued that while race was not a significant factor in Indian society, there were certain caste groups that claimed Aryan or Dravidian origins to assert their superiority or distinctiveness. Ghurye critically analyzed the theories of race put forward by Western sociologists and highlighted the limitations of applying them to the Indian context.

Critique of Ghurye's Work:
While Ghurye's contributions to the study of caste and race were significant, his work has also faced criticism. Some scholars argue that he did not adequately address the issues of social inequality and discrimination inherent in the caste system. Additionally, his focus on the cultural aspects of caste overshadowed the economic and political dimensions, leading to an incomplete understanding of its dynamics.

Conclusion:
Ghurye's work on caste and race has played a pivotal role in shaping the sociological understanding of Indian society. His interdisciplinary approach and critical analysis have provided valuable insights into the complexities of the caste system and its relationship with race. However, his work has also been subject to critique, emphasizing the need for further research and analysis in these areas.