The politics of separation in Jammu and Kashmir refers to the ongoing political struggle and conflict over the status of the region. Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory between India and Pakistan, with both countries claiming it in its entirety.

The Historical Context:
- The region of Jammu and Kashmir has a complex history, with various rulers and empires exerting control over the area.
- In 1947, when India gained independence from British colonial rule, the princely states were given the option to join either India or Pakistan.
- The then ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh, initially sought independence. However, facing an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen, he signed the Instrument of Accession with India, making Jammu and Kashmir a part of India.
- This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir in 1947-1948, resulting in a ceasefire line known as the Line of Control (LoC) that divided the region into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir.

The Role of Political Parties:
- The political landscape in Jammu and Kashmir is dominated by several key political parties, with differing ideologies and approaches towards the issue of separation.
- The National Conference (NC) and the People's Democratic Party (PDP) have traditionally advocated for greater autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir within the Indian federal structure.
- On the other hand, parties like the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) and the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) have consistently called for complete independence or merger with Pakistan.
- These parties have played a crucial role in shaping the discourse around the politics of separation in the region.

Indian Government's Approach:
- The Indian government has been committed to maintaining the territorial integrity of Jammu and Kashmir and considers it an integral part of India.
- It has often taken a hardline approach towards separatist movements, using both political and military means to suppress dissent.
- The revocation of Article 370 in August 2019, which granted a special status to Jammu and Kashmir, and the subsequent bifurcation of the region into two union territories (Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh) further intensified the politics of separation.

International Dimension:
- The politics of separation in Jammu and Kashmir also has an international dimension, with Pakistan garnering support from the international community for its stance on the issue.
- The United Nations has passed several resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine the future of the region, but these have not been implemented.
- The involvement of external actors, such as China, further complicates the situation.

In conclusion, the politics of separation in Jammu and Kashmir is a complex issue with historical, political, and international dimensions. The differing ideologies of political parties, the Indian government's approach, and the international dimension all contribute to the ongoing struggle over the status of the region.