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एनसीईआरटी पाठ्यपुस्तक: अतीत में शिल्प (भारतीय कला का परिचय) | Must Read Old & New NCERTs for UPSC CSE (Hindi) PDF Download

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bdkbZ 1
vrhr esa f'kYi µ ,d voyksdu
Page 3


bdkbZ 1
vrhr esa f'kYi µ ,d voyksdu
Page 4


bdkbZ 1
vrhr esa f'kYi µ ,d voyksdu
lcls igys ge bl ckr dks le>rs gSa fd f'kYidkj f'kYioLrqvksa osQ
fuekZrk vkSj fooszQrk osQ vfrfjDr lekt esa fM”kkbuj] ltZd] vUos"kd
vkSj leL;k,¡ gy djus okys :i esa Hkh dbZ Hkwfedk,¡ fuHkkrk gSA vr%
f'kYidkj osQoy ,d oLrq dk fuekZrk gh ugha gksrk vkSj f'kYioLrq osQoy
,d lqanj oLrq gh ugha gksrh µ bldk l`tu ,d fo'ks"k dk;Z osQ fy,]
xzkgd dh vko';drk dks iw.kZ djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] xzkgd ;k miHkksDrk f'kYidkj ls dg ldrs gSa fd
og ,d ,slk I;kyk cuk,] ftls os vklkuh ls idM+ losaQ vkSj mlls xeZ
is; ih losaQA bl lacaèk esa f'kYidkj oqQEgkj di osQ gSaMy dks bl rjg
ls fM”kkbu djsxk fd mls vklkuh ls idM+k tk losQ vkSj di dks bl
izdkj dk vkdkj nsxk fd u rks og cgqr Hkkjh gks vkSj u gh cgqr cM+kA
bl mnkgj.k esa vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd xzkgd f'kYidkj dks ,d leL;k
gy djus osQ fy, nsrk gS µ og xeZ is; osQ
fy, di cuk,A f'kYidkj us di dks gSaMy osQ
lkFk fM”kkbu djosQ leL;k dk cgqr vPNk gy
<w¡<+ fudkykA bl ekeys esa fM”kkbu rRo esa di
dk gSaMy] vkdkj] mldk Hkkj vkSj mi;qDr
vkdkj gSa] ftlls mldk iz;ksx vklkuh ls fd;k
tk losQA ;fn di fn[kus esa lqanj gS] rks ;g
vfrfjDr ykHk gksxk vkSj ge dg ldrs gSa fd
f'kYidkj }kjk fM”kkbu fd;k x;k di lkSan;Z;qDr
gSA ysfdu egÙoiw.kZ rF; di dh dykdkjh
vkSj ltkoV ugha] cfYd xzkgd dh leL;kvksa
gsrq mi;qDr ,oa dYiuk'khy gy <w¡<+us esa f'kYidkj
dk dkS'ky gSA
1
vrhr esa f'kYi
Page 5


bdkbZ 1
vrhr esa f'kYi µ ,d voyksdu
lcls igys ge bl ckr dks le>rs gSa fd f'kYidkj f'kYioLrqvksa osQ
fuekZrk vkSj fooszQrk osQ vfrfjDr lekt esa fM”kkbuj] ltZd] vUos"kd
vkSj leL;k,¡ gy djus okys :i esa Hkh dbZ Hkwfedk,¡ fuHkkrk gSA vr%
f'kYidkj osQoy ,d oLrq dk fuekZrk gh ugha gksrk vkSj f'kYioLrq osQoy
,d lqanj oLrq gh ugha gksrh µ bldk l`tu ,d fo'ks"k dk;Z osQ fy,]
xzkgd dh vko';drk dks iw.kZ djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] xzkgd ;k miHkksDrk f'kYidkj ls dg ldrs gSa fd
og ,d ,slk I;kyk cuk,] ftls os vklkuh ls idM+ losaQ vkSj mlls xeZ
is; ih losaQA bl lacaèk esa f'kYidkj oqQEgkj di osQ gSaMy dks bl rjg
ls fM”kkbu djsxk fd mls vklkuh ls idM+k tk losQ vkSj di dks bl
izdkj dk vkdkj nsxk fd u rks og cgqr Hkkjh gks vkSj u gh cgqr cM+kA
bl mnkgj.k esa vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd xzkgd f'kYidkj dks ,d leL;k
gy djus osQ fy, nsrk gS µ og xeZ is; osQ
fy, di cuk,A f'kYidkj us di dks gSaMy osQ
lkFk fM”kkbu djosQ leL;k dk cgqr vPNk gy
<w¡<+ fudkykA bl ekeys esa fM”kkbu rRo esa di
dk gSaMy] vkdkj] mldk Hkkj vkSj mi;qDr
vkdkj gSa] ftlls mldk iz;ksx vklkuh ls fd;k
tk losQA ;fn di fn[kus esa lqanj gS] rks ;g
vfrfjDr ykHk gksxk vkSj ge dg ldrs gSa fd
f'kYidkj }kjk fM”kkbu fd;k x;k di lkSan;Z;qDr
gSA ysfdu egÙoiw.kZ rF; di dh dykdkjh
vkSj ltkoV ugha] cfYd xzkgd dh leL;kvksa
gsrq mi;qDr ,oa dYiuk'khy gy <w¡<+us esa f'kYidkj
dk dkS'ky gSA
1
vrhr esa f'kYi
Hkkjrh; gLrdyk dh ijaijk,¡ – Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo";
xzkgd] lekt vkSj f'kYidkj osQ lacaèk
bl lacaèk esa rhu izeq[k rF;ksa ij fopkj djuk vko';d gS µ (1) xzkgd
vkSj mldh vko';drk,¡] (2) lekèkku dh tkus okyh leL;k ,oa (3)
dYiuk'khy ,oa oqQ'ky f'kYidkj] tks leL;k dk gy <w¡<+ losQA mRikn
dh mi;qDrrk gsrq xzkgd vkSj f'kYidkj] osQ eè; fopkj foe'kZ cgqr gh
vko';d gSA xzkgd dks f'kYidkj dks izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg, fd og gj
le; u;h vkSj mRlkgtud oLrq dk l`tu ,oa mRiknu djsA blosQ cnys
esa f'kYidkj dks xzkgd dh ek¡x dks le>us dh vko';drk gSA ;fn
xzkgd izR;sd o"kZ fnokyh ij lkS nh;ksa dh ek¡x djrk gS] rks ;g ek¡x
fu;fer vkSj oqQN gn rd mckmQ Hkh gSA ;fn xzkgd lkS nh;ksaokys LVSaM
dh ek¡x djrk gS] rks oqQEgkj bl ij lkspsxk fd ,d ,slk LVSaM oSQls cuk;k
tk,] ftlesa lkS nh;s j[ks tk losaQ vkSj ftls vklkuh ls bèkj&mèkj ys tk;k
tk losQ] ftlesa fd rsy Hkh vklkuh ls Hkjk tk losQ bR;kfnA vr% xzkgd
vkSj f'kYidkj osQ eè; lacaèk gksuk vR;ko';d gSA
blfy, f'kYidkj esa dbZ egÙoiw.kZ
dkS'ky gksrs gSa] ftuosQ }kjk og fM”kkbu
cuk ldrk gS] [kkst dj ldrk gS]
leL;k dk gy <w¡<+ ldrk gS] l`tu
dj ldrk gS vkSj foØ; dj ldrk
gSA fo'o esa izR;sd ns'k esa ,sls yksxksa
dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks izfrfnu
dh leL;kvksa dk O;kogkfjd ,oa
izHkkoh gy <¡w<+us esa n{k gksa] ,sls
f'kYidkj] tks fofHkUu lkefxz;ksa ls
fuekZ.k djus esa oqQ'ky gksa vkSj ,sls
leqnk;] tks u, vkSj iqjkus lekt
dh vko';drkvksa osQ vuq:i fujarj
l`tu ,oa u, mRiknksa dks fM”kkbu
dj losaQA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] cM+h
ek=kk esa ikuh Hkjdj nwj&nwj rd ys
tkus dh jks”kejkZ dh leL;k dk
vf}rh; gy dPN esa eVosQ osQ :i
esa [kkstk x;kA ;s eVosQ ,d&nwljs
osQ mQij j[ks tk ldrs gSa vkSj bls
efgyk osQ flj ij larqfyr fd;k tk
4
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