Analogy: Solved Examples | CSAT Preparation - UPSC PDF Download

Directions: In each question below, two pairs of number are given but one number in the second pair is missing. Identify the relationship between the two numbers in the first pair and find the missing number in the second pair such that the numbers in second pair also follow the same relationship.
Q1: 20 : 30 : : 110 : ?
(a) 123 
(b) 321 
(c) 312 
(d) 132
Ans: (d)
Sol: As,  20 : 30
(4 × 5) : (4 + 1) × (5 + 1)
Similarly, 110 : x
(10 × 11) : (10 + 1) × (11 + 1)
So, x = 11 × 12 = 132

Q2: 176 : 14936 : : 549 : ? 
(a) 256181
(b) 521618 
(c) 251681 
(d) 251618
Ans: (c)
Sol: The number and its corresponding square are given.
5 = 5² = 25
4 = 4² = 16
9 = 9² = 81
i.e. 251681

Directions: Each of these questions consists of a pair of words. Establish the relationship among the given pair and identify the pair that best illustrates a similar relationship amongst the alternatives.
Q3: Rectangle : Pentagon : : 
(a) Triangle : Rectangle 
(b) Diagonal : Perimeter 
(c) Side : Angle 
(d) Circle : Square 
Ans: (a)
Sol: A pentagon has one side more than rectangle. Similarly, a rectangle has one side more than triangle.

Q4: Simmer : Boil : : 
(a) Glide : Drift 
(b) Drizzle : Downpour 
(c) Gambol : Play 
(d) Stagnate : Flow
Ans: (b) 
Sol: After simmer, boiling starts. Similarly, after drizzle, downpour starts.

Directions: Select one alternative out of (a), (b), (c) and (d) which is analogous to the first two. 
Q5: Growth : Death : : Increase : ? 
(a) Ease 
(b) Tease 
(c) Decrease 
(d) Cease 
Ans: (d) 
Sol: As ‘Growth’ and ‘Increase’ are related, similarly, ‘Death’ and ‘Cease’ are related.

Q6: ‘Furniture’ is related to ‘Table’ in the same way as ‘Stationery’ is related to 
(a) Store 
(b) Chair 
(c) Office 
(d) Pencil
Ans: (d) 
Sol: ‘Table’ comes under ‘Furniture’. Similarly, ‘Pencil’ comes under ‘Stationery’.

Directions: Select one alternative out of given four alternatives, which is analogous to the first two. 
Q7: TZW : 28 : : QYS : ? 
(a) 35 
(b) 160 
(c) 38 
(d) 158 
Ans: (b)
Sol: Backward order letter positions are multiplied to get the second term. Let us see

Similarly,

Q8: TGVL : 720515 : : GPAE : ? 
(a) 27122226 
(b) 415827 
(c) 41330 
(d) 20112622 
Ans: (d) 
Sol: Backward order letter positions have been put with each letter to get the second term.

Similarly,

Q9: Which of the following depicts the relationship between the following? 
Dda : aDD : : Rrb : ? 
(a) DDA 
(b) RRR 
(c) bRR 
(d) BBr
Ans: (c) 
Sol: As,

Similarly,

Directions: Three words in bold letters are given in each question, which have something in common among themselves. Out of the four given alternatives, choose the most appropriate description about these three words.
Q10: Cholera : Anthrax : Diphtheria 
(a) These are diseases caused by bacteria 
(b) These are plant pests 
(c) These are pathogens 
(d) These are infections of stomach 
Ans: (a) 

Q11: Spinach : Fenugreek : Celery 
(a) These are cactus plants 
(b) These are wild flowers 
(c) These are wild plants
(d) These are leafy vegetables 
Ans: (d)

Q12: Naive : Ingenue : Guileless 
(a) The terms are connected with bad society manners 
(b) The terms are used for criminals 
(c) They are technical words used by social workers in backward areas 
(d) They depict various shades of innocence
Ans: (d)

Directions: In the following questions, there are two pairs of words provided which are related to each other in some manner. Find out from the alternative which replaces the question mark (?).
Q13: Rare : Rear, Bare : Bear, Dare : ? 
(a) Share 
(b) Pear 
(c) Near 
(d) Dear 
Ans: (d)
Sol: As in Rare and Bare, ‘r’ have come to the end and ‘e’ has come to the second place. Similarly, in Dare ‘r’ will come to the end and ‘e’ would come to the second position. So, it will become Dear.

Q14: Bit : Beat, Sit : Seat, Hit : ? 
(a) Bite 
(b) Heat 
(c) Hite 
(d) Site
Ans: (b)
Sol: As in ‘Bit’ and ‘Sit’, ‘ea’ has come in place of ‘i’, similarly in ‘Hit’ it will be replaced by ‘ea’ to make it Heat.

Q15: The way of ‘Accident’ is connected with ‘Precaution’, in a similar way ‘Sickness’ is connected with whom?
(a) Bacteria 
(b) Pollution 
(c) Cleanliness 
(d) Doctor
Ans: (c) 
Sol: As ‘Precaution’ avoids Accident, similarly, ‘Cleanliness’ avoids Sickness.