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Angular momentum and total energy conservation of a body under central force Video Lecture | UPSC Physics Optional (Crash Course)

FAQs on Angular momentum and total energy conservation of a body under central force Video Lecture - UPSC Physics Optional (Crash Course)

1. What is angular momentum and how is it conserved in a body under central force?
Ans. Angular momentum is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum and is defined as the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity of a body. In a system under central force, the angular momentum is conserved when the net external torque acting on the body is zero. This conservation principle is known as the law of conservation of angular momentum.
2. How is total energy conserved in a body under central force?
Ans. Total energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy of a body. In a system under central force, total energy is conserved when there is no external work done on the body. This conservation principle is known as the law of conservation of energy. The gravitational or electrostatic potential energy, in the case of central forces, contributes to the conservation of total energy.
3. What are some examples of central forces in nature?
Ans. Some examples of central forces in nature include gravitational forces between celestial bodies like planets and stars, electrostatic forces between charged particles, and nuclear forces between protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. These forces act along the line connecting the centers of mass of the interacting bodies.
4. How does the conservation of angular momentum affect the motion of a planet in orbit around a star?
Ans. The conservation of angular momentum in a planet-star system means that as the planet moves closer to the star in its orbit, its speed increases to maintain a constant angular momentum. Conversely, as the planet moves farther away from the star, its speed decreases. This principle explains why planets move faster when closer to the star and slower when farther away.
5. Can the conservation of total energy and angular momentum be violated in a system under central force?
Ans. In ideal conditions where there are no external torques or work done on the system, the conservation of total energy and angular momentum holds true. However, in real-world scenarios, factors like friction, air resistance, or other external forces can lead to a violation of these conservation principles. These external influences can cause a loss of energy or angular momentum in the system.
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