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Audio Notes: Chemical Coordination and Integration Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET

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FAQs on Audio Notes: Chemical Coordination and Integration Video Lecture - Biology Class 11 - NEET

1. What is the role of hormones in chemical coordination and integration in the human body?
Ans.Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, where they regulate various physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood. Hormones like insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.
2. How do the endocrine and nervous systems interact in the process of chemical coordination?
Ans.The endocrine and nervous systems work together to coordinate and integrate bodily functions. The nervous system provides rapid responses through electrical impulses, while the endocrine system delivers slower, longer-lasting responses via hormones. For example, stress triggers the nervous system to release adrenaline quickly, while the endocrine system gradually adjusts hormone levels to help the body adapt to stress over time.
3. What are the major endocrine glands, and what hormones do they secrete?
Ans.The major endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and prolactin; the thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T₄); the adrenal glands release cortisol and adrenaline; the pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon; and the gonads produce sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.
4. What is the significance of feedback mechanisms in hormone regulation?
Ans.Feedback mechanisms are vital for maintaining hormone balance in the body. They can be negative or positive. Negative feedback reduces the output of a system when hormone levels are sufficient, preventing overproduction. For instance, high levels of thyroid hormones inhibit the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies a response, such as during childbirth when oxytocin release increases contractions.
5. How do hormones affect metabolic processes in the body?
Ans.Hormones significantly influence metabolic processes by regulating the conversion of food into energy, the storage of nutrients, and the utilization of fats and carbohydrates. For example, insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells, while glucagon increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose. Hormones like thyroid hormones also affect the metabolic rate, influencing how quickly the body uses energy.
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